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Based on the potential-hybrid/mixed finite element scheme, 4-node quadrilateral plate-bending elements MP4, MP4a and cylindrical shell element MCS4 are derived with the inclusion of splitting rotations.

本文基于势能～杂交/混合有限元格式，导出了具有分离转动变量的4节点四边形Reissner-Mindlin板元MP4、MP4a和圆柱壳元MCS4。

At low temperature, both the positive and negative magnetoresistance effect can be observed for all the samples. The s-d exchange interaction induced spin-splitting, the formation of bound magnetic polarons, and the magnetic field suppressed spin-disorder scattering were competed for the MR behavior.

另外，在低温时所有样品都表现出较大的正磁电阻，我们认为正磁电阻效应是由于s-d电子交换相互作用引起的自旋劈裂造成的，而高场时出现的负磁电阻效应则可能归因于磁场导致的束缚磁极化子的破损和自旋散射的抑制。

This is a new kind of photoinduced phenomenon and it is a one-photon process.(2)A bipolaron is split into two polarons by photoexcitation.This photoinduced splitting converts a charge carrier into two spin carriers.(3)When the hopping effect is included, the energy of a soliton-antisoliton pair can be lower than that of single polaron in conducting polymers with degenerate ground state.

这是一种新的单光子过程光致现象；（2）通过光激发，一个双极化子可以分裂成两个极化子，这种光致分裂效应将一个荷电载流子转换为两个自旋载流子；（3）对具有简并基态的导电聚合物，如果计及跃变常数的变化这一效应，孤子-反孤子对的能量可以低于单个极化子的能量。

We conclude that the s-d exchange_interaction_induced spin-splitting gives rise to positive MR, while the formation of bound magnetic polarons and the magnetic field suppressed spin-disorder scattering are responsible for the negative MR behavior under high field.

另外，在低温时所有样品都表现出较大的正磁电阻，认为正磁电阻效应是由于s-d电子交换相互作用引起的自旋劈裂造成的，而高场时出现的负磁电阻效应则可能归因于磁场

Thanks to a fluid, pacy movement system, they can now release more incisive defence-splitting one-twos, first touches and through passes.

由于液体， pacy 运动制度，他们现在能释放更多的敏锐分离防卫的一二，第一触觉和完成的途径。

Secondly, standard test of bonding interface tensile splitting strength and on-site simulated test of bonding interface pull-off strength were carried on after the roughness test study.

其次在粗糙度试验的基础上，对影响界面粘结质量的界面剂种类、粘结龄期、混凝土强度等级等几个主要因素进行组合，完成了粘结界面劈拉强度标准试验和钻芯拉拔现场模拟试验。

The author explicates some developing aspects in the field of IC industry as suggested areas of future work. The original points of this dissertation are as following: 1. In this dissertation, we got the quality learning curve of China's IC manufacturers by regression. On the base of questionnaire, we later explained the reason of the reverse S type quality learning curve and the tendency of change in quality learning curve. 2. The evolution of technical unit of China's IC industry is calculated in this dissertation. We also explained the reason of technical unit splitting in the way of economic and technology. 3. In this dissertation, we described the environment difference in capital, technology transfer, human resource and market in USA, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China, and gave some suggestions on the government's role in the development of China's IC industry.. 4. In this dissertation, we established an SD model of China's IC industry, and by using this model, we got some suggestions for future development in China's IC industry.

本文的主要创新之处在于：（1）用回归分析方法实证研究了我国集成电路企业的质量学习曲线，并在调查分析的基础上，对反S型质量学习曲线的历史成因和未来走势进行了研究；（2）对世界及我国集成电路产业技术单元的变化趋势进行了定量研究，从经济和技术角度解释了当前集成电路产业技术单元细化的原因；（3）从资金、技术、人才、市场角度系统总结研究了发达国家在集成电路产业发展环境建设中的成功经验，并结合我国集成电路产业发展的实际情况，对我国集成电路产业发展的政府行为提出了一些建议；（4）建立了狭义集成电路产业、材料业、设备业发展的系统动态模型，并利用该模型对不同投资结构下我国集成电路产业系统未来的演变进行了模拟研究，这一研究结果可以为我国集成电路产业今后发展提供一定的决策依据。

The measurement model for the retardation distributing of the quarter wave plate was introduced by Muller matrix and Stokes parameter. And four patterns with phase shifting of 90°in turn were eatched simultaneously by an especial spatial splitting phase-shifter.

1／4波片相位延迟分布的动态测量，通过密勒矩阵和斯托克斯参量法对一种1／4波片的相位延迟分布的测量模型进行了推导，并设计出一种空间分光移相器，取代一般测量系统中的检偏器，使得系统能于瞬间同时采集四幅具有90°移相步长的干涉图，避免了环境振动对测量的影响，从而可以对1／4波片的相位延迟分布进行动态在线测量。

In order to get the rotating angle of the quarter-wave plate in solution 2, the phase difference caused by the plane mirror is accurately obtained by experiment.The technology of rotating mirror beam coupling and splitting is also studied.

闭环后，偏振耦合分光系统工作稳定，且对返回信标光的平均接收效率高于90％；为了准确计算方案2中波片旋转的角度，提出了一套测量相位延迟差的实验方法，较精确的获得了被测系统的相位延迟差。

Product-led brakes, brake drums, wood splitting machine exports more than 20 countries, in the international market occupies an important position.

主导产品刹车盘、刹车鼓、劈木机出口二十多个国家，在国际市场占有重要地位。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。