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Concretely speaking, using the irreducible tensor theory, we deuced the formulism for fine-structure energies of boron-like atoms in the ground and first excited states, which involves spin-orbit, spin-spin and spin-other-orbit interactions; completing all the angular integrations and spin summations needed, we make the final expression for fine-structure energies of boron-like atoms in the ground and first excited states in a combination of radial integrations. Afterwards, employing the wave functions we got in Chapter Three, we accomplished all the radial integrations and so obtained the fine-structure energies.

具体地说，利用不可约张量理论导出了类硼离子基态以及第一激发态的精细结构的表达式，给出了自旋-轨道、自旋-自旋、自旋-其它轨道相互作用等所涉及的所有角向积分和自旋求和的解析计算方法，完成了角向积分、自旋求和的计算，使类硼离子基态以及第一激发态精细结构能级最终可以表示为径向积分之和；在此基础上利用以前所得到的非相对论性波函数，进一步完成了所有径向积分的计算，从而得到了对应能级的精细结构的理论计算值。

We review the recent progress in the research on spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic spin Hall effect in semiconductor microstructures, including a detailed discussion of the physical origin of spin-orbit coupling in semiconductor microstructures and the intrinsic spin Hall effect in narrow-gap semiconductor quantum wells.

本文主要评述和介绍半导体微结构中自旋轨道耦合的研究和最近的研究进展。我们细致地讨论了半导体微结构中自旋轨道耦合的物理起源和窄带隙半导体量子阱中的自旋霍尔效应。

Afterwards, using the spherical tensor form of many-electron atom Hamilton and the irreducible tensor theory, the relativistic and fine-structure energy correction to the non-relativistic energy of Boron-like atoms in the ground and the first excited states have been further investigated. A theoretically analytic way has been given as to the calculation of all the radial integrations and spin summations, which concern interactions such as orbit-orbit, spin-orbit, spin-spin and spin-other-orbit. Therefore, the whole process of calculating the many- electron atom energy structures has been explicitly revealed and the results are relatively precise and satisfactory.

在此基础上，利用多电子原子哈密顿算符的球张量形式和不可约张量理论，进一步研究了类硼离子基态和第一激发态非相对论能级的相对论修正和精细结构，给出了轨道-轨道、自旋-轨道、自旋-自旋、自旋-其它轨道等相互作用所涉及的所有角向积分和自旋求和的解析计算方法，清晰地展示了多电子原子结构计算的过程，得到了较为精确的理论计算结果。

Then we calculate the energy of ground state, the energy of one-particle and two-particle excited state in dimerized phase and their spin correlation functions, respectively.

然后，计算了spin-Peierls系统在二聚化相的基态、单粒子激发态、双粒子束缚态、以及在各个态的自旋－自旋关联函数。

In recent years, much attention has been attracted to the 1D strong correlated system with two mechanisms of opening gaps. The models include:(1) the frustrated spin-Peieds system,(2) the 1D Hubbard model with a staggered potential,(3) the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya interaction,(4) the spontaneously dimerized s=1/2 antiferromagnetic chain in a staggered magnetic field.

特别是近年来，具有双能隙机制的一维强关联系统引起人们的关注，这些系统具体包括：（1）具有阻挫作用的Spin—Peierls系统；（2）电荷转移型Hubbard模型；（3）具有Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya作用的反铁磁海森堡链；（4）在交错势场中具有自发二聚化的S=1/2的反铁磁海森堡链。

The models include:(1) the frustrated spin-Peieds system,(2) the 1D Hubbard model with a staggered potential,(3) the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya interaction,(4) the spontaneously dimerized s=1/2 antiferromagnetic chain in a staggered magnetic field.

特别是近年来，具有双能隙机制的一维强关联系统引起人们的关注，这些系统具体包括：（1）具有阻挫作用的Spin—Peierls系统；（2）电荷转移型Hubbard模型；（3）具有Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya作用的反铁磁海森堡链；（4）在交错势场中具有自发二聚化的S=1/2的反铁磁海森堡链。

A wider face area offers greater forgiveness and playability while full-length scorelines provide more consistent spin from longer grass or wet conditions. the tour-preferred titleist pear shaped profile with a perfectly square face angle deliver the looks and confidence better players demand. because we believe, as they do, that every club is a scoring club.

更大的杆面区域提供了绝佳的容错度与易打性，无论在长草或潮湿的状态下，完整长度的杆面刻线能产生更一致的spin，titleist梨状造型搭配近乎完美的方正杆面角度，无论在外型与信心上皆能满足球友们的需求，因为我们深信，如同这些设计所达成的，每支球杆都是得分杆。

For Helicopter .. never never never release the other side brake always keep it in same point.if u release it,u should prepaire urself for the fastest spin..

直升机其实就是一种处于可控状态的水平螺旋－－即在非常低的速度下，失速速度下的spin；伞以自身的立轴为轴心旋转，而飞行员处于伞的正下方一起旋转；在动作中，伞看起来像直升机的旋翼一样转动，故得名：直升机；该动作的垂直速度非常低，大约为在1.3米/秒到2米/秒之间。

SPIN has three types of messages, that is, ADV, REQ, and DATA.

SPIN 通过发送描述传感器数据的信息，而不是发送所有的数据例如图象）来节省能量。

The helicopter is nothing more than a controlled flat spin (spinning the glider at stall point, very low speed). The wing rotates along the center of the glider while the pilot is straight below the glider. During the maneuver the glider acts like a helicopter. The vertical speed is very low, usually somewhere between -1.3 and -2.0

直升机其实就是一种处于可控状态的水平螺旋－－即在非常低的速度下，失速速度下的spin；伞以自身的立轴为轴心旋转，而飞行员处于伞的正下方一起旋转；在动作中，伞看起来像直升机的旋翼一样转动，故得名：直升机；该动作的垂直速度非常低，大约为在1.3米/秒到2米/秒之间。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。