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In Chapter 3, by using the technique of finite dimensional approximation of Seiberg-Wittentheory, the equivariant K-theory and some other methods, we study the problem of topologicalrestriction when there are smooth groups acting on Spin 4-manifolds such as the alternatinggroup A_5, cyclic group Z_6 and symmetric group S_3 with actions of odd type, consequently weimprove Furutas 10/8 theorem under the condition of group actions.

第三章运用Seiberg-Witten理论的有限维逼近技巧和等变K-理论等工具，研究了Spin 4-流形X上分别存在光滑交错群A_5、循环群Z_6和奇型三阶对称群S_3作用时，X的拓扑限制问题，在群作用下改进了Furuta的10／8定理。

In chapter 2, the methods of spin dynamical simulation and fast Fourier transformation are introduced.

第二部分共有三章：第一章，我们简要地介绍该领域的一些背景和一些前人的工作；第二章，我们介绍自旋动力学模拟的方法和模拟计算中要用到的快速傅立叶变换方法；第三章，我们提出了两种有效钉扎Spin vortex的办法，一个是通过打孔的办法，另一个是通过小面积加垂直强磁场的办法。

In English, clear unaspirated stops only in the s-word after the first, and Qing aspirated stops in word-initial, two consonants in a complementary distribution : s-after there is no aspirated stops,...

在英语中，清不送气塞音只出现在词首s-之后（spin、star、scar），而清送气塞音出现在词首（pin、tar、car），两套辅音处于互补分布：s-之后不存在送气塞音，。。。

In Chapter 2,we give some preparations about the basic knowledge of 4-manifolds, spin 4-manifolds and group actions on manifolds....

主要介绍了4-流形的基本概念，4-流形上的Spin几何以及流形上的群作用等方面的基本知识。

From existing literature, we understand that the nano Superconducting Quantum Interference Device has the ability to detect tens or hundreds of electron spin. In addition, it has a high capacity for nano-particle coupling as well as an extremely high sensitivity to detect flux. This study analyzes the characteristics of the nanoSQUID, uses the Focused ion Beam system to create nanoSQUIDs ranging in size and in thickness of the niobium thin film, and examines the physical properties of nanoSQUIDs.

中文摘要从文献中我们了解到nanoSQUID是有能力侦测到数十或是数百个电子自旋的能力，而且对於奈米粒子耦合的程度很高，并且量测到的磁通会有很高的灵敏度，所以本篇论文主要是探讨并分析nanoSQUID的性质与特性以及使用聚焦离子束系统来制作不同逼近尺度以及不同深度铌薄膜的nanoSQUID并量测其物理性质。

On the termination date, the cultured explants were all examined by Western blot, HE and transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that after 12-days in culture, the cultivation treated with AS-ODN reduced the synthesis of AMBN and had a deformed dental cusp with thinner enamel matrix. Ultrastructure analyses showed that there was hardly any cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ameloblasts at the tip of the cusp of AS-ODN treatedexplants. However, on average the enamel matrix was thinner compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen fibers in extracellular matrix were found disorganized. These findings seemed to provide a direct experimental evidence that tended to indicate that the arrested AMBN translation in cultured tooth germs might result in the delay of the tooth development.

经用Western蛋白印迹检测表明，所设计的反义核酸对AMBN InRNA具有良好的封闭效果并成功阻断了牙胚对AMBN的表达；在缺乏AMBN情况下，与对照组相比，实验组牙胚在体外可以继续生长发育至钟状晚期，出现成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，成釉细胞可以分化成为分泌期型成釉细胞，胞浆中缺少合成蛋白质所必需的粗面内质网和高尔基氏体，缺乏溶酶体，表明对蛋白合成和脚的能力降低；实验组牙胚有牙尖形成和基质分泌，但牙尖形态异常，基质形成减少，牙尖周围基质最厚处为O.6卜m，明显薄于对照组的5.spin，基质中胶原纤维粗细不等，排列稀疏， 3 第四军医大学硕士学位论文未见钙化现象，充分证明了AMBN在牙胚发育中参与釉质基质形成和矿化过程，影响胶原纤维和牙本质基质的合成，促进成釉细胞对蛋白质的合成和釉质基质蛋白降解。

Then we calculate the energy of ground state, the energy of one-particle and two-particle excited state in dimerized phase and their spin correlation functions, respectively.

然后，计算了spin-Peierls系统在二聚化相的基态、单粒子激发态、双粒子束缚态、以及在各个态的自旋－自旋关联函数。

The models include:(1) the frustrated spin-Peieds system,(2) the 1D Hubbard model with a staggered potential,(3) the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya interaction,(4) the spontaneously dimerized s=1/2 antiferromagnetic chain in a staggered magnetic field.

特别是近年来，具有双能隙机制的一维强关联系统引起人们的关注，这些系统具体包括：（1）具有阻挫作用的Spin—Peierls系统；（2）电荷转移型Hubbard模型；（3）具有Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya作用的反铁磁海森堡链；（4）在交错势场中具有自发二聚化的S=1/2的反铁磁海森堡链。

After several years of adjustment, the Russian won in the international space more literal-minded spin. In 1998, seven western countries in Russia become a full member of the Summit.

经过几年的调整，俄罗斯在国际上争得较大的迂旋空间。1998年，俄国成为西方七国首脑会议的正式成员。

For Helicopter .. never never never release the other side brake always keep it in same point.if u release it,u should prepaire urself for the fastest spin..

直升机其实就是一种处于可控状态的水平螺旋－－即在非常低的速度下，失速速度下的spin；伞以自身的立轴为轴心旋转，而飞行员处于伞的正下方一起旋转；在动作中，伞看起来像直升机的旋翼一样转动，故得名：直升机；该动作的垂直速度非常低，大约为在1.3米/秒到2米/秒之间。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失