查询词典 spherical surface

There are series of papers studying the solvability of an incompressible, viscous, instationary fluid contained in a domian bounded entirely by a free surface. In 1977, Solonnikov proved its local solvability in a Holder space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1984, he considered the same problem in a Sobolev space with surface tension being taken into account. In I992, Mogilevskii and Solonnikov treated the same problem in a Holder space, where the coefficient of surface tension is not a constant. There are also short-time existence results for the solvability of an incompressible, vicous, unsteady fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a fixed bottom which approach horizontal planes at infinity. In 1981, Beale proved its local solvability in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1983, Allain were concerned with the same problem in R〓 with surface tension but under the assumption that the initial fluid domain was near a horizontal strip. In 1987, he obtained the same result without the preceding assumption. In 1996, Tani solved the same problem in R with surface tension. For the solvability of an incompressible viscous instationary fluid in Ω R bounded inside by a free surface S and outside by a rotating boundary S, in 1995 Ciuperca proved its local existence in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In this paper, we consider the same problem with surface tension.

对于边界完全是由自由边界组成的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Solonnikcv于1977年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性，于1984年在有表面张力情况下证明了初值问题问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Mogilevskii和Solonnikov于1992年在表面张力系数可以不是常数情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性；对于上面是自由边界、下面是固定边界且两边界在无限处趋于水平的无限区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Beale于1981年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Allain于1983年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，但其中假定初始区域近似是个水平条，他于1987年去掉了这个假定得到同样的结果，Tani于1996年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性；对于R中内面是自由边界、外面是旋转边界S的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Ciuperca于1995年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，本文考虑了在有表面张力情况下初值问题可解性问题。

In the research of techniques in curved surface reconstruction and feature extraction, the modeling of NURBS interplation curved surface based on rectangular is focused, in which centripetal parameter is applied to construct node vector, the application of interplation method guarantees the accuracy of curved surface construction, bicubic NURBS curved surface is taken as an example to demonstrate the process of curved surface modeling, and the effectiveness of NURBS is approved in application; Meanwhile, the application of feature techniques in reverse engineering is also diSCUSSed, the recognition and extraction method of feature curved surface are investigated, the relationship between feature recognition and the curvature of curved surface is discussed, with the application of linear and non-linear least squares procedure, data fitting of conicoid in ball surface, cylinder surface and cone surface is

以上述的研究工作为基础，根据企业的实际需求选定轻客和重卡作为研究对象完成了基于反求工程的车身改型设计和优化的工程实践，通过工程实践对反求工程各关键支撑技术进行了验证，所开发的新车型也获得了良好的市场反应。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

Cosine law of spherical triangles : in the spherical triangle , either side of the hot core corresponding to the cosine of angle equal to each other on both sides of the corresponding hot core product with the cosine angle on both sides of each angle of the sine and the corresponding spherical center piece of any side in the spherical triangle in ...

球面三角形余弦定律：在球面三角形中，任意一边所对应球心角的余弦等于其他两边各自对应球心角的余弦乘积加上这两边各自对应球心角的正弦及任意的那条边在球面三角形中。。。

This thesis contributes to geometry compression in the following aspects: Proposes a method of progressive spherical mesh parameterization based on local parameterization by directly projecting the deleted vertices to its neighborhood. Based on spherical mesh paramterization, an adaptive subdivision remeshing method by progressivly redistributing of sampling points is proposed, by this means, the main geometry information of the original mesh can be captured with only a small amount of samples, it can also be used in mesh simplification. By regarding attributes binded on mesh vertices as geometry signals and transferring them onto a uint sphere by means of spherical mesh parameterization, meshes with different attributes are compressed with spherical wavelet successfully with high compression rate. As a kind of lossy geometry compression technique, two mesh simplification algorthimes are also presented in this thesis.

归纳起来，本文的主要贡献有：提出了以直接投影局部参数化方法为基础的网格累进球面参数化方法；在网格球面参数化方法的基础之上，提出了一种基于累进优化布点方案的网格细分采样方法，该方法可以用很少的采样点就可以捕获到网格的主要特征，因此我们也将其用于后面的网格简化工作当中；通过将网格顶点上定义的各种属性看成几何信号，并以网格球面参数化为手段将几何信号迁移到单位球面上，从而成功地实现了用球面小波对各种几何信号的压缩；作为一种有损压缩方法，本文还提出了基于统一距离的网格简化算法和基于重采样的网格简化算法。

Starting from the Laplace equation, the solution of Laplace equation, in spherical coor dinates, is developed for the boundary value problem approximating the local gravity field over a spherical cap——spherical cap harmonic analysis, and the spherical cap harmonic expansion with integral order but nonintegral degree and practical formulae are given.

从Laplace方程出发，提出了在球冠上逼近局部重力场的大地测量边值问题——球冠谐分析理论，给出了非整阶整次球冠谐展开和实用计算公式。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

The method includes the following steps: firstly, a spherical neighborhood of present sample points is established by using the geometric spherical-modelling theory and all the sample points contained in the spherical neighborhood are adopted as candidate neighbor points, thus not only preserving the effectivity of the dimension reduction capability when data sets are sparse but also getting the advantages of low-sensitivity to isolated points and good stability of the preserved topological structure; then a data relevance matrix more matching semantics can be obtained by relevance measurement based on route clusters to update the candidate neighbor points in the spherical neighborhood and optimize the regular neighborhood space of the present sample points, thus improving the phenomenon that the dimension reduction of sample sets provided with folded curved faces is apt to suffer the integrated-structure distortion in case of heterogeneous data distribution.

首先利用几何开球原理建立当前样本点的球状邻域，将包含在球状邻域内的所有样本点作为候选近邻点，不但能够保持在数据集稀疏情况下的降维性能的有效性，而且具有对孤立点敏感性不高、保留拓扑结构稳定性好的优点。然后利用基于路径聚类的相关性度量得到更符合语义的数据相关性矩阵，用来对球状邻域内的候选近邻点进行更新，优化当前样本点的规则邻域空间，改善了当数据不均匀分布时在带有折叠弯曲面的样本集上降维容易出现整体结构扭曲的现象。

Firstly, the parallel mechanism parameters are designed by theory, and the two spherical hinges of cue instrument on the mobile and base platform are fixed up separately. Under the condition that the mobile platform parallels the base platform, the center of spherical hinge of the cue instrument on the mobile platform are moving along a spherical helix corresponding to the center of spherical hinge on the base platform.

首先按理论并联机构设计参数，将一球杆仪的两个球铰分别固定在保持平行的动、静平台上，令球杆仪在动平台上的球铰中心相对于静平台上的球铰中心做球面螺旋线运动。

The structure shown in the figure : The governing body received direct or roller drying cylinder, as the main components of the rotation; After finishing the outside of the sphere, Bottom Cover and soak spherical carbon graphite seal ring joint seal reliable seal friction deputy, Sealing ring in the spherical shell of its annular space sliding, in addition to oil-free bearings and with the close cooperation of Shell, Rotating connector so that the free support, and therefore do not require a high level of accuracy installed; Spherical seal ring wear, Spring means of pressure at any time in advance to receive compensation, compensation for the shell slowly moved backward, accessible through the tube outside the inscription on the line to observe the seals wear; When steam, Oil flows through the media or other spherical sealing ring and oil-free bearings, the formation of thin liquid film, sealing and lubrication, thereby reducing friction and wear, extending the service life.

其结构如图所示：外管体直接接到辊子或烘筒上，为主要的旋转部件；经过精加工的外管本球面、底盖和浸泡碳石墨球面密封环共同组成密封可靠的动密封磨擦副，球面密封环在其壳体内的环形空间中滑动，加之无油轴承与壳体的密切配合，使旋转接头自由支撑，故对装机精度要求不高；球面密封环磨损后，借助于弹簧的预压力随时得到补偿，补偿时壳体缓缓向后移动，并可通过外管体上的刻线观察到密封件的磨损程度；当蒸汽、油或其它介质流经球面密封环和无油轴承时，形成一层很薄的液膜，提供密封和润滑，从而减轻了摩擦和磨损，延长了使用寿命。

Now she was hungry and angry.She began to smoulder.

现在她又饿又气，她开始流露难以抑制的怒火。

You have placed our iniquities before You, Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.

诗90：8 你将我们的罪孽摆在你面前、将我们的隐恶摆在你面光之中。