查询词典 spectral radius

This article makes a detailed analysis of the definition of atomic radius and ionic radius, so that the two terms can be well understood and used in the course of teaching.

本文对原子半径和离子半径的概念进行了较为详细的讨论，以便在教学过程中更好的理解、使用原子半径和离子半径。

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ′(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ′(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al—Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al—Li键， Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由于Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由于Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al—Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由于Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ'(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ'(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al-Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al-Li键，Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由於Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由於Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al-Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由於Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

According to Biot-Savart law, the magnetic induction at the diameter position of the spin axis is calculated. Furthermore, using the internal and external radius of the Earth's outer core as well as the radius of the Earth and the magnetic induction at the Earth's magnetic pole, the volume charge density and surface charge density of the Earth's outer core have been obtained.

先根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律计算球形模型绕自转轴旋转时在自转轴直径上产生的磁感应强度；再利用已知的地球外核的内外半径及地球半径和磁极处的磁感应强度值，计算出地球外核的电荷体密度及面密度。

Bohr radius was the radius of the circle in which the electron moved in the ground state of the hydrogen atom, according to the Bohr theory.

根据玻尔理论，玻尔半径是在基态氢原子中电子运动的圆周半径。

Quantum dots are a kind of semiconductor nanopaticles with the radius equal to or less than the exciton Bohr radius. They have tremendous potential in the field of biology and medicine because of their unique and tunable optical properties (broad excitation spectrum, narrow emission spectrum, precise tunability of their emission peak and negligible bleaching, etc) as new fluoresent probes.

量子点是半径小于或接近于激子玻尔半径的一类半导体纳米晶，作为一种新型的荧光标记物，其独特和可调谐的光学特性（宽的激发光谱、窄的发射光谱、可精确调谐的发射波长以及可忽略的光漂白等）使其在生物和医学方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。

In chapter four, we prove that a complete open Riemmannian manifold with Ricci curvature negatively lower bounded is of finite topological type provided that the conjugate radius is bounded from below by a positive constant and its excess is bounded by some function of its conjugate radius.

第四章，我们证明了对于Ricci曲率具负下界的完备开Riemannian流形，当其共轭半径有正下界且它的Excess被其共轭半径的某个函数所界定时，它就有有限拓扑型。

Radius of a bend: take the biggest radius of a bend of a cable, oil pipe, gas pipe or water pipe as a reference value and leave 10% of the space as a margin.

内宽：选择较粗的一些电缆油管气管水管等，其外径之和作为拖链内宽的参照，并留有至少10%的宽度空间。

Firstly , the following proofs are made by means of homothet-ic transformation : 1 the centre of a nine-point circle is at the midpoint of ligature of its curcumcentre andorthocentre; 2 the radius of nine-point circle is equal to half of the radius of its curcumcircle.

本文给出一个简单的证法，先用位似变换的方法证明九点圆的圆心在外心和垂心连线段的中点，九点圆的半径等于外接圆半径的一半。

Consider the circle that is tangent to the curve at and has the same curvature there. Its center will lie on the concave side of the curve. This circle is called the circle of curvature. Its radius is the radius of curvature, and

在点处的曲线的法线上，在凹的一侧取一点，使得，以为圆心，半径为的圆叫做曲线在点处的曲率圆，曲率圆的圆心叫做曲线在点处的曲率中心，曲率圆的半径叫做曲线在点处的曲率半径。

Putt your way through 36 fun-filled holes of minigolf on 3D designed courses with elevated greens, bunkers, bridges and water hazards, among other crazy obstacles.

您的推杆方式，通过36个有趣的填孔迷你的三维设计的课程，以提升绿党，掩体，桥梁和水的危害，除其他疯狂的障碍。

Some participles can be used either as attributes or as predicatives.

有些分词既可当定语用，也可当表语用。