查询词典 spectral radius

Rubberand drum at maximum force at A point of RADIUS R1 and minimum mechanical Department b. RADIUS R2 is different, rubber roller compression over C forms the convex hull, the radius of the highlast C is R3, point b is the radius of the lining of the RADIUS rubberand drum after three RADIUS R1 with the size of the change of Center distance drum to determine the ideal pressure: 0.5mm by Feller gauge or flattening of galvanized wire to precise tuning of two drums of hobber pillow gap, so that it is up to the required data.

橡皮滚筒在最大受力处A不面的半径R1和最小受力处B不面的半径R2是差别的，橡皮滚筒受不抬后转动在C处变成凹包，凹包最矮不面C的半径是R3，B不面的半径是包衬后的橡皮滚筒半径不一个半径的巨细的R1 用保留滚筒洋心距来猜测抱负不张力：用塞尺或0.5mm的铅丝不抬扁来大略不天调动二滚筒的滚枕间隙，使之符分规矩的数据。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Results: The PINOF crossed the anterior midline of the radial head and then descended laterally. The site of it entering the supinator was about (13.8±4.2)mm below the superior edge of radius with the distance of (3.2±1.1)mm from the anterior midline of radius. After entering supinator tunnel under the Frohse, s arcade, the PINOF passed between superficial and profound part of supinator. It passed the lateral midline of radius below the superior edge of radius about (42.6±6.5)mm, the posterior plane below the superior edge of radius about (63.4±7.6)mm.

结果：骨间后神经越过桡骨头上缘前方中线稍偏外斜向外下方走行，距桡骨头上缘(13.8±4.2)mm、桡骨前方中线外侧(32±1.1)mm处经旋后肌腱弓深方入旋后肌管，走行于旋后肌深浅两层之间，在桡骨头上缘下方(42.6±6.5)mm越过桡骨外侧中线，在桡骨头上缘下方(63.4±7.6)mm越过桡骨后平面。

The results showed that: with the regression analysis of Betula platyphylla, Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Picea koyamai var koraiensis, and Betula costata, there was a significant negative correlation between neighborhood interference index and the growth (0.40~0.89) and the correlation extent depended on the neighborhood influence zone and slope. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to maximal regression coefficient R~2 was the neighborhood influence radius. Based on the linear subsection regression between neighborhood interference index and influence zone of five species, the neighborhood interference index increased with the increasing zone and there was a previous increasing trend in a certain scope, while the increasing trend slackened beyond the zone. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to transition point was the neighborhood influence radius. The neighborhood interference index positively correlated with the neighborhood influence zone and the range of R~2 was 0.40-0.64. With the analysis of tree cores of Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica at middle and lower slope in a plot which was fostered in 1995, the distance which the growth release farthest neighborhood and object stub was judged, thus the neighborhood interference radius was inferred. According to the studies, we found that the neighborhood interference radius was different among different trees, even if the neighborhood interference radius of the identical tree species also had the difference at different slopes.

结果表明：通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与生长量回归分析发现，邻体干扰指数与生长量呈显著负相关(0.40～0.89)，相关程度因邻体影响范围和坡位而异，R~2达到最大值所对应的影响范围即为邻体影响半径；通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与影响范围的线性分段拟合，邻体干扰指数随影响范围的增加而增加，其在一定的范围内上升较快，而超出该范围后上升的幅度变慢，变化的转折点所对应的影n向范围可以判定为邻体影响半径，线性回归显著(0.40～0.64)；通过对1995a抚育的胡桃楸、水曲柳样树进行研究，分析邻体树种的中坡位和下坡位的生长锥芯，判断产生生长释放的最远邻木与基株树桩所对应的距离，推断邻体影响半径；根据研究发现，邻体影响半径因树种不同有一定的差异，即使同一树种的邻体影响半径在不同坡位也有一定的差异。

Results indicate that radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center and the radius of the hemispherical bushing significantly affect wear rate,and minimzing both two values will result in lowest wear for micro-rotor systems in MEMS.However,it is noted that the bearing radius sets a lower limit on the hemispherical bushing radius since the bushings are located beyond the rotor inner radius.It is desirable to reduce their effects on friction and wear on micro-rotors by regulating the radius of the bushing and the radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center within permissive range of micro-fabrication.Severe wear exists with increasing applied load and rotating speed of the rotor.Stress distributions in the contact region are different from Hertz solutions due to the convergence stresses apearing on the uncontinuous curvature line and the contact pressures display symmetrical parabola in the contact region.

结果表明：在MEMS微转子系统中，微转子轴衬偏心距离和转子轴衬半径影响线磨损率，以两者减至最小为较理想，但须注意设计中轴承半径的限制，并使轴衬偏心距离大于轴承内半径；在转子加工制造许可的范围内，可以通过调整转子轴衬的半径和偏心距离来减少摩擦磨损对微电机的影响，随着转子所承受载荷和转子旋转速度的增加，其磨损严重；接触区的应力分布不同于经典Hertz解，这是由于应力集中出现在不连续的曲率线上，且接触区的接触压力呈现轴对称抛物线状分布。

The death radius by blast fireballs is smaller than that by blast wave, the 2nd burn radius is smaller than the 50% eardrum rupture radius, and the 1st burn radius is smaller than the 1% eardrum rupture radius, if the amount of gas fuel which contributes to vapour cloud explosions is less than 1×10〓kg propane.

10药量小于1×10〓kg丙烷时，蒸气云爆炸火球热辐射致死半径小于冲击波作用下头部撞击致死半径；二度烧伤半径小于50％耳鼓膜破裂半径；一度烧伤半径小于1％耳鼓膜破裂半径；1％耳鼓膜破裂半径小于建筑物破坏得不能居住半径。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的&同物异谱&现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被&红边&范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

In order to obtain infrared spectral radiance distribution of some infrared sources, such as spectral radiant flux density, spectral radiant intensity, spectral radiance and spectral irradiance, the instrument response function under different conditions must be known.

在应用红外发射光谱来获得某些红外源的绝对光谱能量数据，如辐射源光谱辐射通量密度、辐射源光谱辐射强度、辐射源光谱辐射亮度及光谱辐射照度等时，需要得知不同条件下的仪器响应函数。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。