查询词典 spatial

This dissertation summarizes all kinds of topological relationships and spatial operations, and uses the conception realms to design the data structure of spatial region objects, and devises the red、blue planar graph algorithm, and makes use of red and blue sweep-line algorithm to implement the spatial topological analysis operations on layers of region objects. At the end, further works and improvements are presented.

本文 对空间拓扑分析操作进行了归纳总结，并且基于 Realms 概念探讨了空间区域对象的数据结构以及红蓝区域平面图算法，文章详细讨论了针对双层红蓝区域对象的各种空间拓扑分析算法的实现，最后是该类问题的进一步改进和构想。

This paper adopts spatial parallelogram to estimate uncertainty of arbitrary points inside and outside the spatial triangle plane, The estimate formulae of uncertainty of spatial triangle plane and normal vector are deducted.

随着GIS在环境仿真、城市规划、气象学、自然灾害预测预报、地质采矿等领域的广泛应用，空间数据库日渐庞大，因此空间数据质量的好坏直接影响着GIS应用、分析、决策的正确性和可靠性

The results indicated:（1）the combination of the Markov and spatial logistic models can improve the predictability of each model individually. In macroscopic scale, the total land use amount can be predicted via Markov chain; in microscopic scale, the multi-class multinomial logistic model can be used to implement the combined calculations of categorical variable and continuous variable, qualitative variable and quantitative variable to improve the precision of spatial regression. Meanwhile, the transition probability of each land use unit will be confirmed and the prediction of land use spatial distribution will also be completed.（2）the application system developed in accordance with the integrated model can effectively simulate and predict the land use evolution in Shenzhen City, and the prediction precision of verification system will suffice for recent land use monitoring and the making of annual land supply planning.

研究结果：（1）空间Logistic和Markov模型集成可提升单一模型的应用能力，宏观上利用Markov Chain进行土地利用规模总量预测，微观上利用多分类Multinomial Logistic模型解决分类变量与连续变量，定性变量和定量变量的联合解算提高空间回归精度，同时可以确定每一个土地利用单元转移概率，实现土地利用空间分布的预测；（2）基于集成模型开发出的应用系统能够有效仿真和预测深圳市土地利用演化，通过验证系统预测精度能够满足近期土地利用预警和年度土地供应计划编制。

Aimed at the characteristic of process industry, combined with the powerful ability of GIS and spatial data mining which express and process spatial data, it is a new way to realize the information query, analysis, prognostication and decision-making functions of CIMS with GIS and spatial data mining applied in industry CIMS and makes sense to promote the development of CIMS.

针对流程工业CIMS的特点，结合GIS和空间数据挖掘技术在描述和处理空间信息时强大的表达和处理能力，将GIS和空间数据挖掘技术运用于流程工业CIMS信息服务和决策支持系统，是实现流程工业CIMS的信息查询、分析、预测、评价和决策的一种新的、有效的途径，对促进流程工业CIMS的发展具有重要的意义。

A spatial analysis technique was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of Solidago canadensis in Zhejiang Province in 2005. A stepwise regression method was applied to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution pattern of Solidago canadensis and anthropogenic activities.

应用GIS技术揭示了2005年浙江省加拿大一枝黄花发生面积和发生面积比例的空间分布格局，并结合回归统计方法，分析了该空间分布格局与人类活动的关系。

In view of the questions proposed, taking the forest spatial structure as a breakthrough point, the paper has discussed the main factors that how forest spatial structure influence forest disaster and analyzed the character of forest disaster and its spatial relationship with society, economy, and nature environment.

针对提出的问题，论文以森林空间结构为切入点，探讨了森林空间结构对森林主要灾害的影响因子，分析了森林主要灾害发生的特点及森林主要灾害与社会、经济、自然环境中的空间因子关系。

The study presents spatial analysis techniques and methods which take GIS spatial analysis functions as their core part, and discusses the status and cut-in point of spatial analysis techniques and methods in landscape pattern studies.

本论文阐述了以GIS空间分析功能为核心的空间分析技术与方法，并论述了空间分析技术和方法在景观格局研究中的地位及切入点。

With a practical example,the accuracy inspection and statistical analysis of spatial data are discussed. And by means of superimposition of the different types of spatial data, the relative accuracy of the data can be inspected and the errors reduced effectively so that the quality of the spatial data is improved.

最后结合实例着重介绍了空间数据的精度检测和统计分析结果，提出了利用不同类型空间数据的叠加来检测数据相对精度，并能有效地削弱空间数据误差进而提高空间数据质量的方法。

The paper use the GIS methods to creating the basic spatial information database, and processing the polygon data by overlapping analyst, the linear data by network analysis, the statistic data by join analysis, the evaluate data by superaddition analysis, and these methods make the data collection, organization and analyst more easier, and the thematic map make the result more intuitionistic. Especially, through combined the graphics processing and the spatial data operation organically, the spatial overlapping analyst resolved the division from natural elements to administrative evaluate units.

应用GIS技术建立空间基础信息数据库，进行面状要素叠加分析、线状要素网络分析、统计要素链接分析和赋值要素追加分析，使分区数据的采集、组织和分析更加简单；专题地图的应用，也使分区方案的表现更为直观；尤其是GIS空间叠加分析功能通过图形处理与空间数据运算有机地结合，解决了自然分区和行政分区界限中的若干要素的切分问题。

With the geometry, theory of errors and optimization principle used and the related national standard referred, a novel 3DLSA for evaluating the spatial straightness errors was proposed, so as to evaluate the spatial straightness errors effectively and to gain the error values with higher accuracy. Then,a mathematical model of the 3DLSA was deduced, true three-dimensional fitting of the spatial line was theoretically carried out.

为了有效地评定空间直线度误差，并得出正确度较高的误差值，运用几何学、误差理论和最优化原理，参照相关国家标准，提出了评定空间直线度误差的三维最小二乘算法（3DLSA），推导了3DLSA算法的数学模型，实现了空间直线的三维拟合。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。