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Chapter four. Two glucosamide-based trisiloxane Gemini surfactants which were connected with the short carbon chain dialcohol diglycidyl ether spacer were synthesized and their properties were determined. These compounds were structurally characterized by their 1H and 13C NMR spectra and elemental analysis.

界面性能通过K12表面张力仪测定，在临界聚集浓度CAC为1一3、10一5时可以显著地降低水的表面张力值至约21 mN/m，比连接基为低碳链二缩水甘油醚的略低，其CAC值随着乙氧基数的增加而增加，其CAC值比相应的单体低1~2个数量级，而且有两个CAC值。

And to make the product be easy of purification, the excess of amine was reduced to 50% from 150%. Then the diiodoalkane reacted with dialkylmethylamine into diquaternary ammonium iodide, and obtained three diquaternary compounds whose spacer groups were -(CH2)6-, N,N"-dimethyl- N,N,N",N"-tetraoctyl-1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide, N,N"-dimethyl-N,N,N",N"-tetradecyl-1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide, N,N"-dimethyl-N,N,N",N-tetradodecyl -1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide.

对于更长间隔链的双子型季铵盐，一方面为了加快亲核取代反应速率，先将1，6-二氯己烷、3-氧杂-1，5-二氯戊烷转化成1，6-二碘己烷、3-氧杂-1，5-二碘戊烷，另一方面为了降低产物提纯的难度，将叔胺的过量由150%降到50%，使二碘代烷与双长烷基甲基叔胺在相同的温度下、反应相同的时间，经过相同的后处理，得到3个间隔链为-(CH2)6-的双子型季铵碘化物，(C8H17)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6 (CH3)N+(C8H17)2·2I-、(C10H21)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6(CH3)N+(C10H21)2·2I-和(C12H25)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6(CH3)N+(C12H25)2·2I-。

A type of chiral molecular tweezers has been designed and synthesized by using diphenic acid as spacer and chiral unsymmetrically disubstituted urea as arm for the first time.

近年来，利用合成的人工受体与适当底物间的分子识别以建立仿生仿酶模型的研究，已成为生物有机化学和超分子化学前沿领域之一lL】。2 J。

All the complex series based on 4',4''-dicarboxy-1,6-diphenoxyhex- ane (C6-2COOH) and 4',4''-dicarboxy-1,10-diphenoxydecane (C10-2COOH) possessed higher melting and clearing points, usually showed soft crystal or crystalline smectic phases and crystal polymorphs except C10-2COOH/ p -PhBPy complex displaying also an enantiotropic nematic phase, while the complexes based on 4,4'-dicarboxy-α,ω-diphenoxy tetraethyleneglycol ether (C8O4-2COOH) with a longer flexible spacer exhibited monotropic fluidic smectic SmA and/or nematic phases.

研究表明，分别具有较短的6或10个亚甲基的烷烃间隔基的双苯甲酸衍生物4'，4''-二羧酸-1，6-二酚氧基己烷(C6-2COOH)和4'，4''-二羧酸-1，10-二酚氧基癸烷(C10-2COOH)的系列复合物具有较高的熔点和清亮点，一般都只出现结晶近晶相和多晶型转变现象。

2The average spacer length in P. flagellaria stolon presents the "short - long - short" distributed pattern.

蔓委陵菜匍匐茎上间隔子平均长度呈现&短－长—短&的分布格局。

The P. flagellaria clonal population distributing in the Songnen grassland was studied,and we observed the season dynamics of petiole length and the total stolon length as well as pattern of spacer length,compared the numbers of maternal ramets,daughter ramets and single ramets as well as the yearly dynamics of total biomass in 3 years (2003,2005,and 2006). Furthermore,we analyzed the correlation between population quantative character and the community's quantative character.

以松嫩草地羊草草甸内分布的蔓委陵菜无性系种群为研究对象，观测了叶柄长度、匍匐茎总长度的季节动态以及间隔子长度分布格局，比较了3个年份（2003、2005、2006年）的种群母株数、分株数、独立株数和总生物量年间动态，分析了种群数量特征与其所分布的群落的数量特征之间的相关关系。

In the same observation time, the number of maternal ramets and daughter ramets, the total length and the number of stolon and branching intensity of P. flagellaria clone population were higher than P. anserina. But the average length of spacer and stolon of P. anserina were more than P. flagellaria.

在同一观测时期内，单位面积内蔓委陵菜无性系种群的母株数量、分株数量、匍匐茎总长度、匍匐茎条数以及分枝强度均高于鹅绒委陵菜种群；而鹅绒委陵菜的间隔子平均长度、匍匐茎平均长度均大于蔓委陵菜。

Based on this monomer, several novel polyimides bearing side chain s composed of cyano-biphenyl mesogenic end groups and hexylene spacer were prepared.

合成了一种含氰基联苯氧基侧链的二元胺单体，然后通过两步法热酰亚胺化工艺制备了新型的含氰基联苯基团侧链的聚酰亚胺。

Based on this monomer, several novel polyimides bearing side chains composed of cyano-biphenyl mesogenic end groups and hexylene spacer were prepared.

合成了一种含氰基联苯氧基侧链的二元胺单体，然后通过两步法热醯亚胺化工艺制备了新型的含氟基联苯基团侧链的聚醯亚胺。

The two sections are preferably separated by a spacer section and the tubular graft preferably increases in diameter from the Z-stent section to the hooped section.

两部分优选地由间隔部分分隔，而管状移植物的直径优选地从Z-支架部分到环箍部分增大。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。