查询词典 space detector

By the analyses on the existing detector generating algorithms, we achieved the improvement of the linear time detector generating algorithm, which was widely used at present. The efficiency of the linear algorithm was improved by eliminating the reluctant detectors, and at the same time the improved algorithm was ensured to cover the nonself space as much as possible.

在分析已有的检测器生成算法的基础上，改进了目前使用最多的线性检测器生成算法，通过消除冗余的检测器提高了线性检测器生成算法的效率，同时还保证了改进后的算法能够尽可能多地覆盖"非我"空间。

Aimed at the problem in the Kalman multiuser detector with a rapid performance degradation in the presence of signature waveform mismatch in the multipath channel, an improved blind multiuser detection algorithm is presented based on Kalman filtering. The method introduces the subspace technique to modify original state space model, thus the detector is modeled as a vector in the signal subspace.

针对卡尔曼滤波盲多用户检测算法在多径信道存在波形失配的情况下性能迅速下降的问题，引入子空间概念对原状态空间模型进行了改进，进而得到了改进的盲多用户检测算法。

A detector array target of laser distant-field detect system is designed, and two key factors are analyzed. To determine the size of the array target, the laser diffract effect and the influence of atmospheric turbulence are discussed, three factors that influence the resolution of the array target are analyzed. Three factors are the dimension of laser speckle resulted by atmospheric turbulence, space sampling frequency based on sampling theory and the loss of the frequency spectrum function of the array detector.

设计了一种激光远场直接探测系统，对系统中的两个关键问题进行了讨论，一、在探测器阵列靶板尺寸的确定问题上讨论了激光的衍射效应和大气湍流的影响；二、在探测器阵列靶板分辨率的确定问题上讨论了激光的衍射效应和大气湍流的影响；对第二问题讨论了对其有影响的三个方面：大气湍流引起激光碎斑尺寸，由采样定理决定的空间采样率，由阵列探测器的频谱函数引起的损失。

By the analyses on the existing detector generating algorithms, we achieved the improvement of the linear time detector generating algorithm, which was widely used at present. The efficiency of the linear algorithm was improved by eliminating the reluctant detectors, and at the same time the improved algorithm was ensured to cover the nonself space as much as possible.

在分析已有的检测器生成算法的基础上，改进了目前使用最多的线性检测器生成算法，通过消除冗余的检测器提高了线性检测器生成算法的效率，同时还保证了改进后的算法能够尽可能多地覆盖&非我&空间。

Space optical system, especially space infrared optical system, cryogenic optical system and some huge space-based telescopes, all work in the environment where there is strong radiation (such as Sun etc.) out of the field of the system. Because of diffraction of the entrance pupil and diffuse scatter of all inner surfaces, the strong stray radiation will reach the detector of the system.

空间光学系统，特别是空间红外光学系统、低温光学系统以及某些大型空间望远镜，都工作在系统视场外有强烈辐射源的&恶劣&环境中，这些强烈杂光辐射经过光学系统孔径的衍射，以及结构与光学件表面的散射，到达系统像面形成杂光。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

In order to pick jump of 2 meters of space layer, the single body structure of the annulet makes use of in the function up try hard for to attain the top and bottom space can with better exchanges.the single body structure of the big wreath is two even layer spaces of top and bottom, the concrete expression come to the transformation space scope according to the different situation for the each function space, making the indoor space be able to get the exchanges.

小环的单体结构为挑出2米空间的跃层，在功能利用上力求做到上下空间可以更好的交流；大环的单体结构为上下两个平层空间，具体表达为各个功能空间依据不同情形来变换空间范围，使得上下层空间能得到交流。

There are series of papers studying the solvability of an incompressible, viscous, instationary fluid contained in a domian bounded entirely by a free surface. In 1977, Solonnikov proved its local solvability in a Holder space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1984, he considered the same problem in a Sobolev space with surface tension being taken into account. In I992, Mogilevskii and Solonnikov treated the same problem in a Holder space, where the coefficient of surface tension is not a constant. There are also short-time existence results for the solvability of an incompressible, vicous, unsteady fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a fixed bottom which approach horizontal planes at infinity. In 1981, Beale proved its local solvability in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1983, Allain were concerned with the same problem in R〓 with surface tension but under the assumption that the initial fluid domain was near a horizontal strip. In 1987, he obtained the same result without the preceding assumption. In 1996, Tani solved the same problem in R with surface tension. For the solvability of an incompressible viscous instationary fluid in Ω R bounded inside by a free surface S and outside by a rotating boundary S, in 1995 Ciuperca proved its local existence in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In this paper, we consider the same problem with surface tension.

对于边界完全是由自由边界组成的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Solonnikcv于1977年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性，于1984年在有表面张力情况下证明了初值问题问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Mogilevskii和Solonnikov于1992年在表面张力系数可以不是常数情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性；对于上面是自由边界、下面是固定边界且两边界在无限处趋于水平的无限区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Beale于1981年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Allain于1983年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，但其中假定初始区域近似是个水平条，他于1987年去掉了这个假定得到同样的结果，Tani于1996年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性；对于R中内面是自由边界、外面是旋转边界S的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Ciuperca于1995年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，本文考虑了在有表面张力情况下初值问题可解性问题。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。