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Use: A refractometer is an instrument the concentration of a queous solution by measuring it's refractive index, All water based solution can make light bend.

用途：手持式折射计是一种通过测量水溶液折折射率来测量其浓度的仪器。所有水溶液都能使光的方向发生折射。

Based on the parameters of the nonideal mixing term, an analytical expression for the solid-liquid equilibrium is derived. The phase behavier of the binary and ternary system could be predicted based either on the regular solution model or the ideal solution model.

该表达式能够广泛表达正规溶液模型或理想溶液模型下的二元及三元体系固-液相平衡，利用表达式计算的相平衡组成与软件计算值较为吻合，表明该式可应用于本研究体系的固-液相平衡计算中。

If the doctor feels that the alternative solution you are thinking about does not negatively impact your situation, he/she will incorporate alternative treatment in your regular treatment solution.

如果医生认为，替代解决办法，你想不产生消极影响您的情况，他/她将纳入另类疗法在您的定期治疗的解决办法。

Regular solution model:The activity coefficient based on a regular solution theory approach was used to account for the non-ideality of liquid and solid phases.

1正规溶液理论模型：在该模型中组分i在固相和液相中的非理想性均采用正规溶液理论来描述。

Based upon modification of the regular solution theory, a subregular solution model, SReS, has been proposed for the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of metallurgical slag s.

通过对正规溶液模型的修正，并引入CALPHAD技术，构成了物理意义明确和数学形式简洁的冶金熔渣亚正规模型，这实际上是SELF－SReM模型的一种发展。

According to disadvantage of AS that the speed low of convergentiss and easily entering the stagnation,improving the AS in some aspect by the way that importing pheromone windows that the value of pheromone cannot exceed the window,only deposit the pheromone on the edge that belongs to the iteration shortest solution path,releasing additional pheromone to the edge belongs to the so-far shortest solution path,judging the situation of convergent and to reinitialize pheromone,optimizing the solutions by local search procedure at the end of every iteration,modifying the transition probability by add some problem specific parameters and so on.

本文主要运用蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization，ACO)来求解VRP。针对蚁群算法收敛性比较差，易于停滞的缺陷，通过使用信息素窗口限制、信息素的最大最小值，只更新信息素迭代中最好解，增加了精英的蚂蚁，信息素重新初始化之前先判断出汇聚情况，在每次迭代过程中加入局部的搜索进行优化，在对蚁群算法进行了优化时考虑选择概率当中加入与问题的相关参数等措施，从而使蚁群算法的收敛性得到大大提高，避免了算法的停滞现象。

The results show that the microstructures of these three kinds of coating are different from those of the matrix (20 steel). The wear resistance of the flame spray coating is 4. 9 times that of the matrix. This is caused by the existance of hard noncrystal microparticals. The wear resistance of the coating by flame spray welding is 6. 3 times that of the matrix. The reason is that the fine crystal grains can be formed and the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening can be induced by these alloy elements. The resistance of the laser remelt coating is 8. 8 times that of the matrix. This is due to the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening and the existence of very hard dendritic crystal, eutectic and martensite in the microstructure.

作者指出，喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在，其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍；喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小，合金元素能起固溶强化作用，也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用，故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍；激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外，表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体，故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。

This article first penetrates with studies of system structure,realization technology and relevance knowledge of Web GIS, afteranalyzing several major domestic and foreign Web GIS platform,proposes the solution to spatial resources information publishing systembased on ArcGIS Server; Then through the independent research anddevelopment of "rare character retrieval software", solves the rarecharacter and the GB character integrated input and the rare characterdistribution question; United the function of renewal project informationmanagement publishing system, proposes the system solution, as well asreasonable database structure; Finally, through developing the spatialresources information publishing system, the on-line documentmanagement system and the renewal project information network,organizing and the managing renewal information according to the region,realizes scientific style and the automated management for each kind ofinformation, and provides method of information inquiry and analysisbased on the network and the GIS technology.

首先，深入研究网络GIS的体系结构、实现技术及相关知识，通过分析比较国内外几种主要网络GIS平台之后，提出基于ArcGIS Server的空间资源信息发布系统解决方案；然后通过自主研发"生僻字检索工具软件"，解决生僻字与国标字的一体化录入以及生僻字的分发应用问题；结合更新项目管理信息发布系统功能，分析提出本系统的总体设计，以及数据库的合理结构；最后，通过空间资源信息发布系统、在线文件管理系统和更新项目信息网三个模块的开发，按地域来组织和管理更新信息，并提供基于网络和GIS技术的信息查询和分析手段，实现各类信息的科学化和自动化管理。

The effect degree order is: first, organic template; second, mineralization ion precursor; third, surface treatment; fourth, lay amount of thin film. In the process of biomimetic synthesis, first of all, the stone surface was pretreated with ethanol and functionalized with organic template solution, and then filmed repetitiously by using filtered CaC_2O_4 supersaturation solution as precursor.

仿生合成的影响因素的影响程度为：有机模板的影响＞成矿离子前驱液的影响＞石材表面预清洁方式的影响＞保护膜层数的影响，较佳的制备条件是：石材表面用乙醇预清洁，较浓浓度的有机模板溶液使之表面功能化，过滤的草酸钙过饱和溶液作前驱液，多层制膜。

In this thesis, it is the main problem to investigate that the numerical solution and solution space of the different differential equations by making use of the theory of the Wavelet-Galerkin method and the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, respectly.

本文分别应用小波分析理论和再生核理论对微分方程的求解和解空间的问题进行了研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。