查询词典 soils

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

The difference of bulk density of coastal soils took an effect on infiltration rate and diffuse rate. The infiltration rate and diffuse rate of coastal soils which bulk density was small were big. The water transmitting experiment of coastal soils showed that the saturated conductivity of different layers in soil profile were great, and the saturated conductivity of undisturbed soil was highly higher than that of disturbed soil. The saturated conductivity of coastal soils embanked earlier was lower than that of coastal soils embanked later. Under different water content, the unsaturated conductivity of coastal soils had a great change and the bulk density had an effect on unsaturated conductivity. The soil with a low bulk density had a high unsaturated conductivity. Chlorine ion moved in coastal soil was an inert ion. The distribution of CU in soil was definite and repeated, which is no relation with the time and velocity of infiltration. The concentration of infiltration solution and the texture of coastal soils had no apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient, while bulk density took an apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient. Synthetic dispersion coefficient of coastal soils increased as bulk density decreased.

浙江大学硕士毕业论文浙北海涂土壤水分特性及溶质运移模拟研究 4、海涂土壤的导水能力强，且土壤剖面备土层的饱和导水率变化大，原状土的饱和导水率远大于扰动土的饱和导水率，围垦时间较早的海涂土壤的饱和导水率较围垦时间晚的海涂土壤的饱和导水率要小；不同含水量下的非饱和导水率变化范围很大，最大值与最小值差距可达 10'③ 5、容重的不同对入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率都有影响，容重小，入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率也花 6、在海涂土壤中运移的氯离子是一&惰性离子&，氯离子在土壤运移过程中的分布有一定的确定性和重现性，与入渗时间和入渗速度无关，溶质运移过程中，入渗溶液的浓度和海涂土壤的质地对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh无明显影响，而土壤容重对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh有影响，容重小，DSh大。

Contributions of humic acid and base-treated soils to the sorption of original soils were quantitied and the results indicated that:More than 60 percent of whole sorption of original soils were contributed by base-treated soils.Thus,base-treated soils played the dominant role in whole sorption of original soils and were main cause of nonlinear sorption.

设计了一个方法对胡敏酸和胡敏素在原土/风化煤吸附中的贡献进行了定量，结果表明，原土/风化煤对DEP吸附超过60%是由Hu贡献的，Hu在原土/风化煤吸附DEP过程中起主导作用，并且是造成原土/风化煤非线性吸附的主要原因。

No evident regularity was found in the depth from 15 to 30 cm. There was an obvious accumulation of OM and TN in the top 30 cm of the fallowed soils, of which the accumulation of OM was faster than that of TN and there was more accumulation in no-tillage compared to tillage. Soils applied with inorganic and organic fertilizers had much more OM and TN at 0～5 cm and 5～15 cm depth than soils applied with only inorganic fertilizers and soils without fertilization. However, OM and TN in these treatments were less than that in fallow treatment. No significant differences in OM and TN contents were found between fertilization treatments. Only in the 5 cm of top soils, OM and TN of the soils treated with only inorganic fertilizers were more than that of CK.

长期休闲的土壤在整个耕层有明显的有机质和氮素累积，其中碳的累积快于氮的累积，免耕条件下比耕翻条件下累积量更大。0～5 cm和5～15 cm土层有机肥与无机肥配施的处理，其有机质和全氮质量分数均显著高于单施化肥处理和不施肥处理，但均低于休闲处理；15～30 cm土层各培肥处理则无明显差异；单施化肥的土壤有机质和全氮质量分数高于不施肥处理，但这种差异只在表层（0～5 cm）较显著。

The eco-toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the single form was tested with four types of soils( red loam soils, meadow brown soils, chestnut soils, and dark brown soik) and their combined effect was determined with meadow brown soils.

测定了4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下，Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd单一污染对小麦种子发芽与根伸长抑制率及其复合污染效应结果表明，同一浓度下，重金属对小麦根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率。

In the geographical-genetic system of soil classification, the zonal soils in the tropical and subtropical China were divided into dry red soils, red soils, yellow soils, laterites and lateritic red soils.

从80年代开始，我国土壤科技工作者结合我国实际，引入了土壤系统分类。这一分类的特点是根据土壤诊断层和诊断特性划分土壤类型。

The effective concentration of added Ni causing 50% inhibition（EC50）ranged from 11 to 932mg·kg-1 in leached soils which were leached using artificial rain water, and from 7 to 2055mg·kg-1 in unleached soils for the tomato test, respectively, and the ratios of maximum to minimum of EC50 for leached soils and unleached soils were 85 and 294. Soil pH was the main factor controlling the toxicity of Ni in these soils.

在供试淋洗（使用模拟的人工雨水滤洗定量的土壤样品）和非淋洗土壤中，Ni对西红柿生物量50%抑制的毒性阈值（EC50）范围分别从11mg·kg-1到932mg·kg-1和从7mg·kg-1到2055mg·kg-1，其最大值和最小值比例分别达到了85和294倍。

K. H. Roscoe and his fellows of Cambridge University established the first elastoplastic model of soils which is based on classical plastic theory in 1963. However, due to the complexity of soils, the models that based on the classical metal constitutive theory or its modification accounting on the nature of soils have still much limitation when used to express the soil mechanical behavior. For example, the Duncan-Chang's model based on the generalized Hooke's law can not express the dilatancy of the soils. The uniqueness assumption of the direction of the incremental plastic strain in the classical plastic constitutive theory is not in agreement with some soil experiments.

但由于土的复杂性，目前以传统的本构理论为基础考虑土的一些特性而建立的模型在反映土体的力学特性上还存在很大的局限性，如建立于广义虎克定律基础上的Duncan—Chang模型不能反映土的剪胀性，传统的塑性本构理论中认为塑性应变增量方向具有唯一性的假设与一些土体的试验结果不符合。

There were different contamination conditions for different PAHs components in soils. Soils in urban area were severer contaminated by the height-weight-molecule PAHs than soils in agriculture area. However, there were the similar contamination level among different usages soils for the light-weight-molecule PAHs, such as naphthalene and methylnaphthalene.

不同种类的PAHs对不同利用类型土壤的污染情况也不相同，分子量较大的多环芳烃与总PAHs污染情况相似，表现为城市用地的污染程度要明显高于其它类型土壤；但分子量较小的组分，如萘和甲基萘，在不同利用类型土壤中污染程度相近。

It is obviously that the content of water of soils could influence the growth of plant and the physical character of soils. With the planting salt-enduring plants, mucosity of soils getting more reduced and porosity of soils getting more improved.

种植耐盐植物后的土壤中的含水量有明显提高，这主要是由于耐盐植物植入后，土壤的物理性质发生了相应的改变，土壤中粘粒减少，土壤孔隙状况比较好，使水分有较高的入渗率，这也是水分在改良后的土壤中积聚起来的一个原因。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。