查询词典 soils

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

K. H. Roscoe and his fellows of Cambridge University established the first elastoplastic model of soils which is based on classical plastic theory in 1963. However, due to the complexity of soils, the models that based on the classical metal constitutive theory or its modification accounting on the nature of soils have still much limitation when used to express the soil mechanical behavior. For example, the Duncan-Chang's model based on the generalized Hooke's law can not express the dilatancy of the soils. The uniqueness assumption of the direction of the incremental plastic strain in the classical plastic constitutive theory is not in agreement with some soil experiments.

但由于土的复杂性，目前以传统的本构理论为基础考虑土的一些特性而建立的模型在反映土体的力学特性上还存在很大的局限性，如建立于广义虎克定律基础上的Duncan—Chang模型不能反映土的剪胀性，传统的塑性本构理论中认为塑性应变增量方向具有唯一性的假设与一些土体的试验结果不符合。

The eco-toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the single form was tested with four types of soils( red loam soils, meadow brown soils, chestnut soils, and dark brown soik) and their combined effect was determined with meadow brown soils.

测定了4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下，Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd单一污染对小麦种子发芽与根伸长抑制率及其复合污染效应结果表明，同一浓度下，重金属对小麦根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率。

Base on the properties mention above, they are very similar with the Ando soils of Japan or Indonesia Java. But different from Black colour soils in Eastern Taiwan, black soils derived from basalt in the North and Rendzina in the South. That may be called as black color soils of andesite.

阳明山之黑色土各项理化特性与日本或爪哇之Ando Soils相近，但母质并非火山灰，而为安山岩或安山凝灰岩，与木省东台湾之黑色土，或北部玄武岩之黑色土，或南部之黑色石灰土之理化性均有不同，笔者认为称应之为黑色安山岩土。

Little is known about the influence of minerals and other soil factors on the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma spp.The objectives of this study were to first evaluate the take-all–suppressive activity of T.koningii in field soils representative of the wheat-growing region in the Pacific Northwest of the United States,and then to identify abiotic edaphic parameters that are positively and negatively associated with the biocontrol activity of T.koningii in these soils.Such information will be usefulin selecting sites where T.koningii can be expected to perform optimally;in developing formulations that enhance biocontrol;and perhaps in indicating factors that favor mechanisms involved in the biocontrol activity of this strain such as antibiotic and enzyme biosynthesis.

知之甚少，对矿物和其它土壤因素对生物活性木霉镰刀本研究的目的首先评估全蚀抑制活性t.koningii土壤代表小麦种植区在西北太平洋的美国，然后找出生物土壤参数有积极和消极与生物防治活性t.koningii在soils.such这些信息将有助于在选择地点，可以t.koningii预计进入最佳状态；在发展制剂提高生物防治；或许说明因素，有利于参与机制，在生物防治活动，这株如抗生素和酶的合成。

In the geographical-genetic system of soil classification, the zonal soils in the tropical and subtropical China were divided into dry red soils, red soils, yellow soils, laterites and lateritic red soils.

从80年代开始，我国土壤科技工作者结合我国实际，引入了土壤系统分类。这一分类的特点是根据土壤诊断层和诊断特性划分土壤类型。

Contributions of humic acid and base-treated soils to the sorption of original soils were quantitied and the results indicated that:More than 60 percent of whole sorption of original soils were contributed by base-treated soils.Thus,base-treated soils played the dominant role in whole sorption of original soils and were main cause of nonlinear sorption.

设计了一个方法对胡敏酸和胡敏素在原土/风化煤吸附中的贡献进行了定量，结果表明，原土/风化煤对DEP吸附超过60%是由Hu贡献的，Hu在原土/风化煤吸附DEP过程中起主导作用，并且是造成原土/风化煤非线性吸附的主要原因。

The effective concentration of added Ni causing 50% inhibition（EC50）ranged from 11 to 932mg·kg-1 in leached soils which were leached using artificial rain water, and from 7 to 2055mg·kg-1 in unleached soils for the tomato test, respectively, and the ratios of maximum to minimum of EC50 for leached soils and unleached soils were 85 and 294. Soil pH was the main factor controlling the toxicity of Ni in these soils.

在供试淋洗（使用模拟的人工雨水滤洗定量的土壤样品）和非淋洗土壤中，Ni对西红柿生物量50%抑制的毒性阈值（EC50）范围分别从11mg·kg-1到932mg·kg-1和从7mg·kg-1到2055mg·kg-1，其最大值和最小值比例分别达到了85和294倍。

The difference of bulk density of coastal soils took an effect on infiltration rate and diffuse rate. The infiltration rate and diffuse rate of coastal soils which bulk density was small were big. The water transmitting experiment of coastal soils showed that the saturated conductivity of different layers in soil profile were great, and the saturated conductivity of undisturbed soil was highly higher than that of disturbed soil. The saturated conductivity of coastal soils embanked earlier was lower than that of coastal soils embanked later. Under different water content, the unsaturated conductivity of coastal soils had a great change and the bulk density had an effect on unsaturated conductivity. The soil with a low bulk density had a high unsaturated conductivity. Chlorine ion moved in coastal soil was an inert ion. The distribution of CU in soil was definite and repeated, which is no relation with the time and velocity of infiltration. The concentration of infiltration solution and the texture of coastal soils had no apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient, while bulk density took an apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient. Synthetic dispersion coefficient of coastal soils increased as bulk density decreased.

浙江大学硕士毕业论文浙北海涂土壤水分特性及溶质运移模拟研究 4、海涂土壤的导水能力强，且土壤剖面备土层的饱和导水率变化大，原状土的饱和导水率远大于扰动土的饱和导水率，围垦时间较早的海涂土壤的饱和导水率较围垦时间晚的海涂土壤的饱和导水率要小；不同含水量下的非饱和导水率变化范围很大，最大值与最小值差距可达 10'③ 5、容重的不同对入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率都有影响，容重小，入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率也花 6、在海涂土壤中运移的氯离子是一&惰性离子&，氯离子在土壤运移过程中的分布有一定的确定性和重现性，与入渗时间和入渗速度无关，溶质运移过程中，入渗溶液的浓度和海涂土壤的质地对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh无明显影响，而土壤容重对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh有影响，容重小，DSh大。

No evident regularity was found in the depth from 15 to 30 cm. There was an obvious accumulation of OM and TN in the top 30 cm of the fallowed soils, of which the accumulation of OM was faster than that of TN and there was more accumulation in no-tillage compared to tillage. Soils applied with inorganic and organic fertilizers had much more OM and TN at 0～5 cm and 5～15 cm depth than soils applied with only inorganic fertilizers and soils without fertilization. However, OM and TN in these treatments were less than that in fallow treatment. No significant differences in OM and TN contents were found between fertilization treatments. Only in the 5 cm of top soils, OM and TN of the soils treated with only inorganic fertilizers were more than that of CK.

长期休闲的土壤在整个耕层有明显的有机质和氮素累积，其中碳的累积快于氮的累积，免耕条件下比耕翻条件下累积量更大。0～5 cm和5～15 cm土层有机肥与无机肥配施的处理，其有机质和全氮质量分数均显著高于单施化肥处理和不施肥处理，但均低于休闲处理；15～30 cm土层各培肥处理则无明显差异；单施化肥的土壤有机质和全氮质量分数高于不施肥处理，但这种差异只在表层（0～5 cm）较显著。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失