查询词典 soil cover

Results showed that the topsoil structure of the CK treatment was dense with little porosity developed, and the soil microstructure was sandy granular fabric - granular fabric. In these treatments using chemical fertilizers only, the soil particles did not form soil structure with little porosity, and the soil microstructures in the N, NP or NPK treatment were observed as prophyropectic fabric-fine sand agglomerplasmic fabric, much better than the CK treatment. In those treatments receiving farm manure alone or farm manure plus chemical fertilizers, the quantity of groundmass increased obviously. The soil had a loosen structure, higher porosity, enriched animal and plant residua, iron-manganese nodules and humus, and more micro-aggregates developed. The soil microstructure of the MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best microstructure observed among all the treatments.

结果表明：长期不施肥料的CK处理，土壤耕层结构致密，很少有孔隙发育，土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状-沙粒聚积状；长期单施化学肥料，土壤颗粒未形成结构体，少孔隙，土壤微结构主要为斑晶胶凝状－细沙粒聚积状结构，土壤结构比CK处理优；长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理，土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加，结构疏松，孔隙量大，动、植物残体丰富，有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育，土壤微结构类型以MNPK处理最好，为胶凝紧实状－多孔状结构。

From these researches as above, this paper found a new method to analysis salty soil road engineering properties by phase equilibrium theory, which provides a new angle of analysis on salty soil properties, experiment and engineering practice in these ways as follows:(1) Analysis the disadvantage of traditional salty soil experiment;(2) Analysis the disadvantage of current salty soil definition by phase equilibrium theory, and gives the chart of distinguish salty soil by the condition of hydrography and climate change;(3) Analysis the mechanics of subgrade frost boiling based on the change rule of liquid content;(4) Based on the change rule of ingredients content and volume in salty soil, analysis the mechanics of subgrade salt heaving and the restraining method by adding sodium chloride.

通过以上研究，本文初步建立了以相平衡理论为核心的盐渍土路用工程性质分析方法，该方法对盐渍土工程性质的理论分析、试验研究以及工程实践提供了新的研究思路与方法，具体体现在：(1)分析了传统的盐渍土试验存在的缺陷；(2)分析了现行盐渍土定义的不足，并以相平衡理论为基础，结合水文、气候条件的变化给出了判别盐渍土的诺谟图；(3)分析了盐渍土盐溶液含量的变化规律，并从盐渍土含液量变化规律出发，分析了盐渍土路基较非盐渍土路基翻浆严重的机理；(4)分析了盐渍土各固相含量及其体积的相变规律，并在此基础上分析盐渍土路基的盐胀机理，以及采用添加氯化钠来抑止硫酸盐盐渍土的盐胀机理

This paper systematically summarized and analyzed general development characteristics of soil profile CaCO3 in Loess hill gully area including source, content, forming-condition, distribution and illuviation- depth of CaCO3, which will have the most important significance for the further studies on global soil and climate change.Soil CaCO3 eluviation-illuviation is a relatively complicate process, soil CO2 is one of the important effect factors, which influences soil CaCO3 through controlling soil pH value and CaCO3 solution capability.

碳酸钙在土壤剖面中淀积的深度和类型是黄土高原土壤发育的重要标志，钙积层是黄土高原土壤发育环境的历史信息库，同时土壤碳酸钙作为土壤无机碳库重要组成，它通过溶蚀后再结晶与大气CO_2之间进行物质交流来影响全球气候变化。

Although there were different influences on these soil enzymes for different metals, it was difficult to find a special soil enzyme to index a single heavy metal pollution in soil. Also, little was known about the interwork of heavey metals, soil enzymes and soil conditions. Therefore, lots of research will be needed to accomplish the foundation of enzymes indexes for assessing heavy metals pollution in soil.

虽然不同重金属元素对土壤酶活性的影响差异较大，但很难用某一专有土壤酶来反映特定重金属的污染，而且关于酶系统与重金属以及土壤自身和外界环境因素的相互作用机制尚不清楚，所以土壤重金属酶学指标的建立还需做大量的研究工作。

The soil urease and invertase activity effected by Hg was investigated in different fertility soils. The results show that soil urease activity、maximum reaction velocity (Vmax、Vmax/Km) and reaction velocity constant k have remarkably negative correlation with Hg concentration so that these can be used as ecological indexes of soil polluted by Hg, Km changes a little indicating that the reaction mechanism of Hg and urease is nonreversible competitive restraint. Urease of low soil fertility is more damaged by Hg than that of high soil fertility, with severe pollution at Hg concentration of 6.00 and 14.79mg/kg respectively; while invertase is less sensitive to Hg than urease. Cultural time has less influence on the relationship of soil enzyme and Hg concentration.

对不同肥力土壤脲酶和转化酶活性受汞影响进行了研究，结果显示，土壤脲酶活性、最大反应速度Vmax 、Vmax/Km和反应速度常数k与汞浓度呈现显著或极显著负相关关系，表明其可作为土壤汞污染的生态指标；米氏常数Km则变化较小，表明汞与脲酶作用机理为不可逆竞争抑制；低肥力土壤脲酶比高肥力土壤脲酶受汞毒害作用更强，当汞浓度分别为6.00和14.79mg/kg时即达到严重污染；而转化酶对汞的敏感性较差；培养时间对土壤酶与汞浓度间关系影响较小。

Therefore it's necessary to contol the concentration of TW80 to use it in the remediation of pyrene contaminated soil by AMF and corn integrated systerm.4. The AMF community and the single species derived from rock oil-contaminated soil all can be combined with corn and promote the remidation of pyrene contaminated soil , the original AMF community has obvious advantages and behave best.The residual pyrene concentration of soil in the treatments with the mixed AMF community M4 (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Acaulospora tuberculata) and corn integrated systerm got 0.12mg/kg,0.54mg/kg and 3.92mg/kg respectively in 1mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 50 mg/kg pyrene treatments,decreased 32.6%,58.6% and 42.2% respectively than that of the treatment of M1,decreased 28.1%,59.9% and 36.6% than that of M2(G.intradices), decreased 2.7%,55% and 23.5% than that of M3 (G.intradices + G.mossea).5.Large scale reproduce overall of AMF community which coming from rud oil-contaminated soil in the absence of the original conditions will change the quantiy,composition and structure of the AMF population and may has negative impact on it's function in the remedition of soil pyrene contamination.

因此，在植物与AMF联合修复土壤芘污染中使用TW80应该注意控制TW80的浓度。4、从石油污染土壤中扩繁出的AMF混合菌群及其中的单一菌种与玉米联合均能促进土壤芘污染的修复，原始混合菌群具有明显的种群优势，其与玉米联合修复土壤芘污染的效果最佳。1mg/kg、10mg/kg和50mg/kg芘处理土壤中，玉米接种混合菌种M4(Glomus intraradices， Glomus mosseae， Glomus etunicatum和Arcaulospora tuberculata)处理土壤的芘残留浓度分别为0.12mg/kg，0.54mg/kg和3.92mg/kg，分别比接种单一菌种M1处理降低了32.6%，58.6%和42.2%，比接种单一菌种M2(G.intradices)处理降低了28.1%，59.9%和36.6%，比接种复合菌种M3(G.intradices+G.mossea)处理降低了2.7%，55%和23.5%。5、从石油污染土壤中扩繁出的混合AMF菌群在无原始条件下的整体扩繁会改变菌群的组成及其结构，并会对菌群与玉米联合修复土壤芘污染的功能产生不利影响。

The results indicate the basic reasons of the soil erosion are plenty of discarding soil of cut slope and the increasing discarding soil by kinds of diseases of cut slope later not utilized by the embankment, moreover, the soil have to be borrowed to build the embankment, together with the ruleless of the places of borrowing soil and the fields of discarding soil.

结果表明，引起水土流失的根本原因在于路堑开挖的大量弃方，以及随后路堑边坡的各种病害造成新增膨胀土弃方不能为路堤施工所利用，而路堤填筑又需大量借土，加之借、弃土作业不规范等。

The soil environment of solar greenhouse deteriorate with the growing ages increased and this causes the obstacle matters in soil of succession planting cucumber, mainly perform as soil physicochemical properties worsening, soil hypo-salinization, soil acidification. To solve these problems, corn and spring onion as catch crops were planted in summer after cucumber harvest that based on having no effect on cucumber production in solar greenhouse.. The experiment researched the effect of different catch crops on cucumber yield and soil physicochemical properties.

针对日光温室黄瓜生产中存在土壤理化性状劣化、土壤板结、盐渍化、酸化等土壤退化问题，在保证黄瓜产量的前提下，夏季休闲期选择玉米、大葱作为填闲作物，以农民传统的常规休闲作为参比对象，研究玉米、大葱对保护地土壤理化性状以及对黄瓜产量的影响。

The synthetic evaluation of soil biology---biological fertility indices were (0-40cm depth of soil, same below): 0.635 →0.074 →0.014 . Significant degradation of soil texture, obvious decrease of soil organic matter , and increase of the availability of aluminum were found in the degradation series. Along with the fast vanishment of vegetation, the number of soil microbe and enzymatic activities decreased drastically, among which protease activity degraded most markedly and was only detected in soil of ZR.

土壤物理性质中，土壤质地发生了根本性退化；土壤化学性质中，随着植被的退化，有机质含量的减少和Al的有效性的提高都很明显；土壤微生物和酶活性中，各类微生物的数量退化非常显著，其活性也随植被的退化急剧减弱，酶活性也大大降低，以蛋白酶活性降低最为显著，大部分退化地段未检测出蛋白酶的活性。

At the same time, the salt in the layer of soil has experienced from low to high then to low. In the alluviation fan and the top of alluvial plain, the soil salt form gathering is strong, that is to say, the content of salt relatively high in the layer of soil, but reduced in the bottom of soil. At the bottom of valley, the salt content increase from upper and bottom of soil, especially at the desert edge, this kind of trend is more obvious. Differentiation of soil characteristic was exited in mountain-basin system, and agriculture development should follow this rule.

土壤盐分空间变化规律明显：在前山区地带，土壤含盐量低；在冲积扇、冲积扇缘及冲积平原上部绿洲区，土壤耕层总盐高、表聚性强；从冲积平原中下部到亁三角洲绿洲，耕层盐分含量依次降低，但剖面盐分含量呈现依次增加趋势，形成盐分聚集的漏斗效应，尤其进入沙漠边缘区，这种趋势更加明显。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。