查询词典 social studies

At first, defined the goal and principle of the graduates unemployment security system; Then by compared the unemployment insurance system and unemployment social salvation system, points out that now establishing the graduates unemployment insurance system is not advisable; from reviewing other countries'experience and our country's actual graduates employment policies, unemployment social salvation system is necessary and possible .At last conclude that such a basic-incorporate graduates unemployment security system should be set up: the government salvation as the base, incorporate the existing employment policies, social salvation and social participancy etc, ensure the unemployed man's living, at the same time develop employment salvation service just like careers guidance training service and so on, the government, the college and graduate individuals should undertake these responsibility together ,and it should be supported by the whole social forces.

大学生失业已经成为一个社会问题，它增加了巨大的潜在社会压力与社会成本，影响社会的稳定；失业保障制度作为一种被动的失业治理政策有其存在的理论基础；政府与社会是大学生失业问题的责任主体，政府公共管理责任与政府战略选择，就自然应竭力减少大学生失业对社会长期发展的威胁，而我国现行失业治理机制在大学生失业保障方面严重缺失；比较而言，目前很多国家都已具备较成熟的青年及大学生失业保障体系，因此必然要求我国尽快建立起大学生失业保障制度体系。

Noted by http://www.SSEweb.net/】 Jian-Guang YANG(1960~), Male, J.S.D., Member, Expert Group on Social System Engineering; Professor, Section of Legal System Engineering, Law School, SUN Yat-Sen University; Chief Expert on Social System Engineering, Research fellow, Depertment of Political System Engineering, China Aerospace Laboratory of Social System Engineering; Realizer Beijing Institute of Social System Engineering; Attorney at law, Gunagdong Lingnan Law Firm; Member, The International Research Project on "Systems Thinking of Chinese Leadership"; member, The Steering Committee of the Network of Social System Engineering http://www.

杨建广(1960~)，男，法学博士，社会系统工程专家组(Expert Group on Social System Engineering， EGSSE)成员，中山大学法学院教授、法学研究所法治系统工程研究室主任，中国航天社会系统工程实验室政治系统工程部研究员，北京实现者社会系统工程研究院首席法治系统工程专家(前任首席法治系统工程专家为吴世宦)，广东岭南律师事务所律师，"中国领导层系统思维"国际研究计划(International Research Project for Systems Thinking of Chinese Leadership)成员，亦兼任社会系统工程网 http：//www。

Starting from the real individual, Marx enters into the dimension of practice, and then he answers correctly to these two questions. For the real individual, the nature is not the abstract and isolated self-dependent nature, but the practical and humanized nature, namely the man and the nature are united. The production in which the real individual engaged is the material foundation on which the social consciousness relies, and with the change of social existence, the social consciousness changes as well; in other words, the social consciousness and the social existence are united.

马克思从"现实的个人"出发，进入生活世界的实践维度，对之作出了正确的回答：对于现实的个人而言，自然界不是抽象的、与人割裂的自在自然，而是现实的、与人结合的人化自然，也就是说，人与自然界是统一的；现实的个人所从事的生产劳动，是社会意识得以产生和存在的物质基础，社会意识随着社会存在的变化而变化，也就是说，社会意识与社会存在是统一的。

In order to keep its self-existence, every society will draw support from the power of the social authority and specify the social member's behavior by social regulation to achieve the ordered status of social life and form the basis of social stability and development.

任何社会为维持自身的存在，都要通过社会权威的力量，依照社会规则规范社会成员的行为，以实现社会生活的秩序状态，并以此构成社会稳定和发展的基础。

The calamities were so serious that people were in great need of social relief because of being destitute and homeless. To accommodate wartime relief, the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated with civil charity institution, built up a feasible and efficient social relief system. That is, the social relief work was responsible by the standing and concurrent organization and the temporary specific organization of the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated by official organizations and civil charity groups financed by government allocation, social donation and self-raised funds and so on. Many kinds of facilities were put up for social relief.

适应战时救济工作的需要，广东省政府与民间慈善机构相互配合，形成了一套现实可行又较有效率的社会救济体系，即社会救济工作由广东省政府的常设兼管机构和临时性专职管理机构负责，由政府派出的官方组织和民间慈善救济团体共同参与，通过政府拨款、社会各界捐款和自筹资金等多渠道筹措资金，设置多种救济设施来进行社会救济上作。

Considering the distinction of social problems, the works of reportage on social problem can be divided into three categories, which are structural reportage on social problem, transitional reportage on social problem and aberrant reportage on social problem.

根据所反映的社会问题的不同，又可把社会问题报告文学作品大致分为三种类型：结构性社会问题报告文学、变迁性社会问题报告文学和越轨性社会问题报告文学。

With being discussed city development level, economic benefit, social benefit and items feasibility, the elements affecting city track transportation type choice is studied. And from social welfare, the economic benefit is put emphasis on: starting with the benefits of tripper and operator, it is studied respectively under three conditions, maximal social welfare, maximal social welfare with no operating profit, and maximal social welfare considering govenment allowance and business income.

论文从城市总体发展水平、经济效益、社会效益、项目实施的可行性四个方面出发，对影响城市轨道交通类型选择的因素进行讨论，并从社会福利角度着重分析了修建城市轨道交通的经济效益：经济效益从出行者效益和运营者效益两方面入手，对其在社会福利最大、运营利润为零的社会福利最大和考虑政府补贴及物业收入的社会福利最大三种情况下进行了讨论。

The background of social transition, which is the division of social structure, the acceleration of social mobility, and the disticntion of social differiation, not only leads to the wideness of the interest gap, but also brings about both the complication of social relation and the intensification of conflicts among the different interest groups.

在社会转型大背景下，随着我国社会结构分化的加速，带来了社会流动的频仍和社会分层的明显，也带来了利益差距的扩大、社会关系的复杂化和利益矛盾冲突的加剧。

The main components consist of network,cluster of norms,values and expectancies that are shared by group members,and sanctions-punishments and rewards that help to maintain norms and network.The levels of analysis includes micro-level,meso-level and macro-level.The sub-types of social capital include bonding sub-type,bridging sub-type and linking sub-type.Based on the brief introduction to the conception and the main dimensions,the author gives a commentary summary of the research...更多 progress of the relationship between social capital and economic growth,environment impact,then illustrates the mechanism of social capital promoting economic growth and influencing environment,analyzes the relationship between the social capital and the adaptative ability,and briefly introduces the framework of understanding and studying the interaction and inter-influence between the social system and the key resource.

本文阐释了社会资本概念，分析了社会资本的主要成分、分析层次及主要类型等维度，指出社会资本的主要成分包括网络、规范、制裁，分析层次包括个体、中观、宏观，主要类型包括结合型、沟通型、联系型；在此基础上，梳理总结了社会资本与经济增长及环境影响关系的国际研究进展，阐释了社会资本促进经济增长、影响生态环境的作用机理，分析了社会资本与适应能力的关系，简要介绍了国际上理解和研究社会系统与关键资源之间的相互作用和影响的思想框架。

By analysis of the financing"s status and existing programs, we can point out the necessity and feasibility of introduction the social security tax in China, and collection of social security tax is the best way to conclude the social security funds.By the comparition and analysis of other countries" style of social security tax, it can give more lessons; in the premise of Chinese actual situtiation , we point out the overall design about the principle, the style, system design, and matching police. It will give benefits to the perfection of social security system..

然后，又通过对世界各国的社会保障税模式进行比较和分柝，以资对我国社会保障税的开征提供可借鉴的经验，并在尊重我国实际情况的前提下，从社会保障税设计应遵循的原则、社会保障税模式的选择，税制要素设及其配套建设等方面提出了我国社会保障税的总体设计，以期对我国社会保障体系的完善有所裨益。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。