查询词典 social sciences

This text makes the basic theories problem of the related society security as the studying point of departure, and clarifies the theories foundation of the society security tax, and through drawing lessons from the international social advanced experience, combined actual circumstance of our country, clarifies the necessity and possibility to lay the social security tax in the our country, and on the foundation of the first step design of the basic frame of the social security tax, further puts forward to need to be adopted of related integration in laying social security tax .

本文以相关社会保障基本理论问题为研究起点，阐明了社会保障税的理论依据，通过借鉴国际社会的先进经验并结合我国的实际情况，阐明在我国开征社会保障税的必要性与可能性，并在对社会保障税税制基本构架进行初步设计的基础上，进一步提出了需要采取的与开征社会保障税相关的配套措施。

Looking at the present situation of rural social relation clearly from this point of view, we can find the problems in social trust, social capital and social order.

由此来透视目前乡村社会关系的现状，我们也看到了社会信任、社会资本以及社会秩序的所存在的问题。

Thirdly, as we all know, on one hand, in the research of social stratification in west society, income, education and occupation are all the very important index for social stratification; on the other hand, in the process of New Chinas social development, the character of employment unit is also very important index for social stratification. So, this paper will

最后，论文探讨了生活资源分层与其他分层指标之间的关系，即探讨了生活资源分层与工作单位的所有制性质、收入、教育以及职业等分层指标之间的关系，考察它们之间是否存在显著性相关。

Currently,there are some disadvantages in the main field of social welfare administration in our country,which includes the law of social welfare,the institution of social welfare administration,the personnel of social welfare administration,the income and expenses of welfare fund.

19世纪20～30年代伴随着风险社会而来的日益增多的社会问题，促成了社会福利工作的系统化、行政化与专业化。

To deal with various risks in the production of space,local governments have to cease the monopolization in land requisition and expropriation,and establish the balance of interests between correlative groups and national institutions in the circulation of lands.To deal with risks in the games of new society,local governments must adjust the systems and policies concerned,and avoid just scratching the surface of a problem.To deal with risks in reallocation of social resources and social administration concerned with policy output,many local governments already have material condition to effectively break them,and the key is to improve their administerial skills in policy making and implementation.To deal with risks in vicious competition between city governments in urbanization,which are actually the manifest of malfunction of market mechanism,local governments must put the centralization mechanism into full play,and strengthen the social check and balance mechanism,in order to effectively regulate market mechanism and realize the organic interactions between social units,democracy,and market.

要破解地方政府在空间生产中风险重重的局面，必须改变政府在土地征用征收上的独裁专断格局，完善土地流转中各个相关利益群体间的权利均衡以及国家机构间的权力均衡机制；地方政府在新型社会博弈中的风险，也需要相关制度与政策的调整，不能停留在治标不治本的层次；在社会资源再分配与社会管制等政策输出方面的风险，许多地方政府已经具备了有效化解的物质条件，主观上提高政策制定与执行的行政技能是解决此类问题的关键；我国城市政府在发展地方经济推进地方城镇化中的恶性竞争风险，本质上是市场机制失灵的一种表现，必须通过充分运用集权机制、强化社会制约机制从而有效规制市场机制，实现科层、民主、市场三种机制的良性对接，政府、社会、企业三种力量的有机互动，才能解决。

System of rural social security is a of social security system main component , and the adjustment of rural economics structure , population comes agedly , make Chinese country social security faces serious challenge , the construction that accelerates system of rural social security is those who ensure rural economics can develop continuously is important assure .

农村社会保障制度是社会保障体系的一个重要组成部分，而农村经济结构的调整，人口老龄化的到来，使中国农村社会保障面临严重的挑战，加快农村社会保障制度的建设是确保农村经济可持续发展的重要保证。

It suggests that thepace of proceeding reform should be discretionally adjusted according to social acceptance. The best way is to stick reform intentions to the optimal social acceptance. But the optimal social acceptance also varies with economic growth rate and macroeconomic environment. In searching for the optimal socialacceptance, gradual proceeding is better than radical one. It concludes that the higher growth rate and better macroeconomic environment is, the lower optimal social acceptance is acquired, and the stronger intension can we engage.

作者认为，改革推进的快慢应根据社会的可承受程度&相机抉择&，最好是将改革力度控制在最优的社会可承受程度上不变；改革的最优社会可承受程度也不是一成不变的，它因经济发展速度和其他宏观环境的不同而有所不同，在&寻找&改革的社会最优可承受程度的过程中，&渐进&的改革方式好于&激进&的方式；经济发展速度越快，宏观环境越好，改革所要求的最优社会可承受程度越低，改革的力度就可以越大，经济发展有助于改革的推进。

The first half of the chapter begins with the introduction of three common viewpoints over the two kinds of theories, followed by deep investigation and description of some biased nature in them, then comes up with the conclusion that we must draw a clear distinction between what was said by Marx himself and what has long been accepted as dogmatical statements. The later half of chapter introduces various understandings to the theory of three social orders evoked by the discussion of economic social formation, points out the drawbacks of and the author"s disproval to the idea that economic social formation only exists in a definite historical period. This chapter is to deepen the understanding of Marx" theory of three social orders through the discussion of the other two important theories related to it.

首先介绍了迄今为止在&三形态说&和&五形态说&的讨论中出现的三种基本观点，并分别对这些观点加以反思，通过反思指出了这几种观点中存在的一些偏颇之处，提出了在讨论三大社会形态理论和五种社会形态理论的相互关系时要对马克思本人的&五形态说&和传统的教条化的&五形态说&加以明确的区分；接着介绍了在讨论&经济的社会形态&这一范畴时所引发的对三大社会形态理论的不同理解，指出了把&经济的社会形态&理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型所产生的问题，反对把&经济的社会形态&理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型。

The last angle of this paper was discussing the function of Buddhist Monasteries in Dunhuang area during the mediaeval times , analyzing the relationship between Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries and various social stratums, different nationalities and so on, uncovering the function to the Government of Guiyijun and the social life of common people in Dunhuang and even Hexi area, manifesting the characteristic of its earthliness as the religious opening space of social populace, showed the infiltration Buddhism performed in the public business, and making new beneficial attempt to elucidate the social function of Buddhist.

本文研究的另一视角系探讨敦煌僧寺在中古敦煌地区的活动情况，与不同阶层、不同民族人群的关系，从而展示其在敦煌乃至河西地区世俗政权、下层民众社会生活中的作用，凸现其作为社会群众的宗教性场所的人间性与世俗性的特征，全面体现佛教对世俗社会事务的渗透，并对佛教的社会功能的诠释上做出新的有益的尝试。

So it is very effectful for Chinese afflunt social to understand the relationship of social problem and the social work social salvation accurately.

因此正确对待社会救助与社会工作之间的关系，对于促进我国小康社会的建设具有重要的作用。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。