查询词典 social sciences

It is learnt that the International Consortium for Social Development is a worldwide academical organization who is striving for social development, social welfare and social service.

据了解，国际社会发展联合会是一个致力于社会发展、社会福利、社会服务的国际学术团。

First, this part introduces the history of RCHI analyzes the three periods of RCHI history and concludes that RCHI will healthily develop under a policy of state support, institutional borrowing and legal support in the two center society .then it goes to analyze the nature、 features and forms of RCHI As to the nature, writer criticize the traditional social insurance doctrine which mixes substantial features and insubstantial features, concluding that the universal adoptability and right-obligation equity are the substantial features of RCHI to distinguish RCHI from the other content of social medical security, and the compulsory or volunteer is insubstantial features that selected by different social conditions, therefore, the nature of RCHI is social medical insurance.

该部分首先以详实的资料概括了农村合作医疗保险制度曲折的历史发展，将其历史过程分为三个紧密联系的阶段。揭示了城乡二元结构下农村合作医疗保险制度必须在国家有力支持、现代社会保险制度借鉴及法律支撑下方能健康发展的客观规律。

It can oppose the third part in conditions. From the point of view of the value of the law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right takes the value to protecting live value of the human being, to preserving the social equality and justice, to protecting the puny, to dispersing the social risks, to protecting the basic human rights. According to the institutional theories of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right has the important value that it can realize justice; optimize the allocation of the risks, encourage people to supervising the discharge of the labor"s creditor"s right. On the basis of the sociology of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right is the social demands development and has strong social sense.

从法的价值理念的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度秉承的保护人类的生存价值，维护社会公平正义，保护弱势群体，分散社会风险，保护基本人权，推行保护劳动者的社会政策的价值理念；从制度法学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度具有实现公平、优化风险配置、激励社会力量对劳动债权的及时清偿进行监督和督促的重要制度价值；从法社会学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度是社会发展的需要，具有很强的社会意义。

The research discovered:(1) specialist human capital, cooperation social capital and mechanical organization capital support exploitation innovation, generalist human capital, entrepreneurial social capital and organic organization capital support exploration innovation;(2) two kind of intelligence capital structure, specialist human capital cooperative social capital, organic organizational capital and generalist human capital, entrepreneurial social capital, mechanistic organizational capital support contextual ambidexterity.

研究发现：(1)专才型人力资本。合作型社会资本和机械式组织资本支持利用式创新，通才型人力资本、创业型社会资本和有机式组织资本支持探索式创新；(2)两类智力资本结构，专才型人力资本、合作型社会资本、有机式组织资本，以及通才型人力资本、创业型社会资本、机械式组织资本都支持情境二元式创新。

I argue policy makers and social scientists should abandon the quest for engineiring-1ike control of social behavior and processes and replace it with efforts to enhance and institutionalize increased capacity to communicatively coordinate social action in the context of complex social systems.

认为政策制订者、社会科学家应当摒弃对社会行为和过程工程化控制的追求，在复杂的社会系统背景下，以努力强化和系统化调节社会行动的能力取而代之。

In the perspective of Structural-functionalism, constant differentiation and reorganization of social structure call for a new social integration mechanism with adaptation. This article holds that the social network paradigm is a new analytical framework of social integration. Interface rules are the foundation of agent relations.

在结构功能主义的视野下，社会结构不断分化与重组的趋势要求寻找一种新的社会整合机制与之相适应，社会网络范式是一种针对社会整合问题而提出的新的分析框架，网络关系的界面规则是行动者关系的基础。

External thought social relationship is social criterion and custom with objectivity and corporality cultivated by human spiritual productive activities, it is the"software"system in social operation; internal thought social relationship appear as human cultural psychological structure.

其中，工具是人类在为满足自身需要、改造自然界而创造的使自然界反对自然界本身的对象物，因此工具集中体现着人类的知识观念，凝聚了人类的智慧；人类社会中的思想的社会关系也属于文化的客体化形态。

The purpose of this research is to theoretically inspect the social assistance legal institutions' historical changes and theoretical basis, the operative effectiveness of Chinese relative institutions and the legislative idea of Chinese social assistance according to the concept of economic law and in the light of social distributive law, in order to widen the theoretical achievements in the research of economic law and provide some theoretical support for the legislation of Chinese social assistance.

本文以社会救助法律制度为研究对象，研究的目的是以经济法的理念和社会分配法的视角对社会救助法律制度的历史变迁、理论基础、我国相关法律制度运行绩效以及我国社会救助立法构想进行一次全面系统深入的理论检视，以期丰富经济法的理论研究成果，并为我国社会救助立法提供理论支持。

Part two is about the analysis of theoretical basis for the social assistance legal institutions,which includes their department classification,their analysis of basic concept,their theoretical support and their analysis of value,and so on.The author holds that they regulate the redistributive economic relations requiring state intervenes appropriately and reflected by the actions of social assistance,they reflect and determine the implication and distribution of the redistributive economic relations,meanwhile they reflect and determine the distribution and direction of the benefits of social assistance intervened by state appropriately.Their appearance expresses the legal connection created for the poverty phenomena between state and the poor,so these legal institutions should be classified into the department of social distributive law in economic law which reflect the essence of economic law that state intervenes the economic relations required intervention appropriately.

第二部分是社会救助法律制度的理论基础分析，其中包括社会救助法律制度部门归属辨、社会救助法律制度的基本理念剖析、社会救助法律制度的理论支持以及社会救助法律制度的价值分析等内容，认为社会救助法律制度规制了由社会救助行为所反映出来的这种需要国家适度干预的再分配经济关系，反映并决定了这种再分配经济关系的牵连和分布，同时反映和决定了在国家适度干预下相关社会救助利益的分配和流向，其出现媒介了国家和贫困者之间因为贫困现象而生成的法律关系，这一法律制度归属于经济法部门中的社会分配法律制度子部门，明显地体现着经济法的本质属性——国家对需要干预的经济关系的适度干预。

The first half of the chapter begins with the introduction of three common viewpoints over the two kinds of theories, followed by deep investigation and description of some biased nature in them, then comes up with the conclusion that we must draw a clear distinction between what was said by Marx himself and what has long been accepted as dogmatical statements. The later half of chapter introduces various understandings to the theory of three social orders evoked by the discussion of economic social formation, points out the drawbacks of and the author"s disproval to the idea that economic social formation only exists in a definite historical period. This chapter is to deepen the understanding of Marx" theory of three social orders through the discussion of the other two important theories related to it.

首先介绍了迄今为止在"三形态说"和"五形态说"的讨论中出现的三种基本观点，并分别对这些观点加以反思，通过反思指出了这几种观点中存在的一些偏颇之处，提出了在讨论三大社会形态理论和五种社会形态理论的相互关系时要对马克思本人的"五形态说"和传统的教条化的"五形态说"加以明确的区分；接着介绍了在讨论"经济的社会形态"这一范畴时所引发的对三大社会形态理论的不同理解，指出了把"经济的社会形态"理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型所产生的问题，反对把"经济的社会形态"理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。