查询词典 social mobility

A high degree of social mobility has always defined American culture, from the work of Alexis de Tocqueville and Horatio Alger to the remarkable story of Barack Obama himself.

无论是亚力克西德托克维尔和霍雷肖阿尔杰的著作，还是巴拉克奥巴马个人辉煌的传记，都表明，美国文化由高度的社会流动所定义。

Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility.

随着社会的工业化和经济生活的制度化，对文凭和学历的要求使得学校教育在经济和社会的流动性中起到了越来越重要的作用。

From the perspective of social mobility, middle-stratum and lower-stratum within new-diddle-stratum tend to enter into an alliance with the lower-stratum of the society while the body of this stratum-managers, technicians, and private entrepreneurs-will possible establish friendly ties with the upper-stratum of the society.

从其社会流动特征看，内部的中、下层有可能与下层结盟；而三大主干群体－经理、专业技术人员及私营企业主阶层，则有可能会与上层缔结友好关系。

The concept of social mobility is starting to challenge a previously fatalistic attitude to class and caste.

社会流动观念开始挑战以往对阶级和等级的宿命态度。

After the end of Iconoclasm virtually all bishops were monks , and the monasteries and their connection to the hierarchy provided considerable means for social mobility - a poor but intelligent boy might rise to high position .

在毁坏圣像运动结束以后，所有的主教确实都是僧侣，而且，修道院以及与它们相关的等级也为我们提供了了解社会流动性得很多的方式--一个穷苦可是很聪明的男孩可能会达到很高的位置。

Indeed, individual place settings, and individual dining forks, arose in the15thcentury, at precisely the time that greater social mobility and interclass contact were making common pot dining until then the normseem especially unattractive.

事实上，一人一副餐具，一人一套叉子的习俗兴起于15世纪，当时社会流动性加强，跨阶层联系增多，这使得围着一只锅进餐（在那之前一直是标准的就餐方式）的方式显得特别不受欢迎。

This paper reviews several recent studies on intergenerational social mobility in Hong Kong.

本文回顾近年发表的几篇关於香港社会流动状况的论文。

The case is based on the fact that:(1) population growth has been low, at 0.8%, since 1997;(2) the population that can afford property is declining; and (3) the fast-growing low income group lacks the social mobility to boost its purchasing power.

出现这种状况的依据是：（1）1997年以来人口增长率一直很低，为0.8%，（2）买得起房产的人口数量正不断下降，（3）迅速扩大的低收入群体缺乏社会流动性去提高购买力。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

examinations play an important role in our society to help promote social mobility and stability.

考试在我国有着重要的社会功能，考试不但促进社会流动，而且直接关系到社会的稳定。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。