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This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

The present studies showed that two cell populations were found in haemocytes: large cell with high granularity and small cell with low granularity by flow cytometry FCM on light scanttering pattern. Two distinct cell types were identified based on phase contrast microscope: one type of cell was dark and dioptric aberration, while the other was bright and dioptric strong. By Giemsa and H.E staining, cytoplasmic staining were heterogeneous and internal particles were obvious in one type of cell, while cytoplastic staining were homogeneous and internal particles were inexistent in the other type of cell. By transmission electron microscope, we found that the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus organelles were rich and internal particles were obvious in one type of cells, and contrary to the another cells.

流式细胞术光散射图谱显示血细胞被分两类，一类为颗粒度高的大细胞，另外一类为颗粒度低的小细胞；相差显微镜观察显示，血细胞可分为胞体暗、折光性差和胞体明亮、折光性强的两类； Giemsa和H.E染色显示细胞分为胞质染色不均一、胞内颗粒明显和胞质染色均一、胞内颗粒不明显的两类；透射电镜超薄切片观察显示，颗粒明显的细胞胞质内线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器较丰富，颗粒不明显的细胞胞质内细胞器较少；负染结果表明血细胞主要分为表面不光滑、突起明显和细胞表面光滑、突起较不明显的两类。

Such a viewpoint of the effects of a little water addition has never been reported, it opened a new way to product SWCNTs with high purity and low cost. On the ground of the experimental results and mechanism studies, a little water addition may open a way for using the natural gas as carbon source to manufacture SWCNTs. By analyzing XRD, XPS results and with comparative experiments, we concluded that the active phases of SWCNTs growth in Ar were small Fe particles. A little W species can improve the surface characters of support and increase the dispersion of Fe particles, but higher W loading will cause large quantity of WC, which decompose CH〓 to amorphous carbon.

本文根据W-Fe-MgO催化剂中间产物和粗产物的XRD、XPS测量结果，结合制备实验和对比实验指出：在Ar中1073K下，生长SWCNTs的活性相是Fe的小颗粒，少量W在催化剂中以氧化物形式对载体表面改性，起提高Fe分散度的作用，但W浓度过高时在反应过程中会生成大量WC，又会催化CH〓分解为无定形碳，造成产物中SWCNTs含量下降。

The results show that as for the as-cast castings, eutectic Si particles are characterized as fibrous or long acicular shape as well as in homogenous distribution, and the impact absorbed energy varies from 1.17 to 2.35J. After T6 heat treatment, the eutectic Si particles become small granular or short bacilliform, and the aspect ratio and area fraction of Si particles decrease evidently. The energy of the T6-treated castings is 1.45-3.80 J, which is higher than that of the as-cast castings. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of different regions in the castings were analyzed and discussed.

结果表明：铸态下共晶Si粒子大多为纤维状或长针状，呈不均匀的网状分布，冲击吸收功在1.17~2.35J的范围内变化后；经T6热处理后，团簇状Al-Si共品相明显减少，共晶Si粒子呈现出粒状或短棒状，且细小均匀，Si粒子的长宽比和面积分数都有显著降低，冲击吸收功在1.45~3.80J的范围内变化，比铸态有明显提高。

After T6 heat treatment, the eutectic Si particles become small granular or short bacilliform, and the aspect ratio and area fraction of Si particles decrease evidently. The energy of the T6-treated castings is 1.453.80 J, which is higher than that of the as-cast castings. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of different regions in the castings were analyzed and discussed.

结果表明：铸态下共晶Si粒子大多为纤维状或长针状，呈不均匀的网状分布，冲击吸收功在1.17~2.35 J的范围内变化后；经T6热处理后，团簇状Al-Si共晶相明显减少，共晶Si粒子呈现出粒状或短棒状，且细小均匀，Si粒子的长宽比和面积分数都有显著降低，冲击吸收功在1.45~3.80 J的范围内变化，比铸态有明显提高。

The particles of powders preparedn by hydrothermal method consist of very small aggregate grains which like a olt of balls and are about 300 nanometer in size,whereas the particles of powders prepared by coprecipitate processing are not homogenous particles in size and poorer in activity.

用水热合成技术制备的粉体其颗粒是由纳米晶粒团聚而成，颗粒尺寸大约300nm左右，具有较大的表面活性，而用共沉淀工艺制备的粉体，颗粒分布较宽，活性差。

From packaging business card printing and membership card making ink dispersion system, small particle size of pigment particles adsorption of resin and solvent relatively significant pigment particles is more than likely, it is often represented as density gets smaller, large-size variable density of pigment particles will cause the pigment particles; and handlethe under-metaphysical upfloat fluoroaracil colors of and form the business card printing and membership card making ink and floating.

从敌国包装制卡和会员卡制息油不朱凑拢编制看，小粒径的颜料粒子吸附的树脂和溶剂相不不不不不差给比不小的颜料粒子不小得众，不常表示为密度变小，不小粒径的颜料粒子密度变不小便会酿成颜料粒子的下沉；而下粒径的颜料上浮而构成了制卡和会员卡制息油不朱的浮色本体。

The layers between-5.9——8℃ are composed of a large number of column ice crystals and small number of riming particles,and those between-8——12℃ are almost rimed particles,and those above-20℃ were primarily dentritic ice particles.

在-5.9～-8℃层，主要是柱状冰晶和少量结淞体，-8～-12℃层显示基本为结淞粒子，-20℃层左右表现出较多的枝状冰粒子。

The dynamic interaction between ultrathin films whose thickness varies froma few angstroms to several hundred anglstroms,and small particles such asatoms,molecules,ions or photons is one of the hottest research fields formeasuring techniques in real-time.

实时检测超薄膜与原子，分子，离子或光子等粒子间的动态相互作用，是测量技术研究中的热点之一。

The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus,which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.

表土层是由岩石小颗粒混杂着被称为腐殖质的腐烂动植物的有机质组成的。这些腐殖质是黑色的，使表土层也呈现出了深色。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。