查询词典 sliding friction

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

The influence of backlash and friction is compensated based on a compound controller formed by radial basis function neural network and sliding mode.

采用径向基函数神经网络和滑模拉制构成复合控制器，对系统齿隙、摩擦非线性因素进行了补偿。

First, the plant and the dynamic model are derived and analyzed. Next, PID controller, adaptive fuzzy controller and adaptive sliding mode controller are established and linear guide produce friction is compensated by Tustin model. From simulation and experiment results, possible implementation, and satisfactory performances, and have been demonstrated.

首先，我们先设计与实现定位系统受控装置并且对其建立与分析系统之动态模型，而后则分别建立PID控制器、适应模糊控制器与适应滑动模式控制器并且对滑轨之摩擦力作补偿设计。

In addition, the effect of sliding friction between gear teeth can not be neglected.

本文针对传统的船用齿轮在强度计算中不计船体变形及齿间摩擦力的问题，以沿船体纵向布置的渐开线料齿减速齿轮机构为研究对象，通过系统地分析、研究，推导出综合考虑船体变形及齿间摩擦的船用料齿轮齿面接触疲劳强度计算公式，以进一步完善船用齿轮的强度计算。

In this paper,the non-linear factors,such as spring torque,friction,intake resistance and gear clearance,are considered during the derivation of ETS model.Five controllers are designed in Matlab/Simulink,using PID,fuzzy,sliding model contro...

本文在考虑弹簧扭矩、摩擦力、进气阻力、齿隙等非线性影响因素的基础上，建立ETS系统数学模型，应用PID、模糊、滑膜及其相结合的控制理论在Matlab/Simulink下设计了5种控制器，并对其阶跃响应特性进行比较分析。

The main identifying characters of wear particle on the ferrogram such as dimension,distribution,quality,component and form of the wear particle were generalized for the three friction couples of gear case including gear,bearing and sliding contact which is in the different phases of running-in wear,normal wear and abnormal wear and in the different degrees of overload,over-speed and fatigue.

介绍了铁谱分析的原理、样品的制备方法和铁谱分析的步骤，概括了齿轮箱齿轮、滚动轴承、滑动接触3种主要摩擦副在磨合磨损、正常磨损、异常磨损3个阶段的磨粒的主要识别特征，包括尺寸、尺寸分布、数量、成分和形貌等。

Under dry and hydrothermal conditions, systematic experiments were conducted on constitutive parameters of frictional sliding of gabbro gouge. We obtained the coefficient of friction and velocity dependence as functions of temperature up to 615 C, with normal stresses of 200 MPa and 300 MPa.

在干燥和热水条件下对辉长岩摩擦本构参数进行了系统的实验研究，分别得到正压力200MPa和300 MPa条件下的摩擦强度和速度依赖性参数随温度的变化。

We all know that roller, block between hobber and hobber for the imprint, but the artificial division between rolling roller, block roller and embossing roll is a compact, linear three-roll and is consistent, so when the pressure is too large, due to the printing plate is compressed with the roller between a certain amount of sliding friction, thereby allowing the printing plate abrasive.

不小家都懂得，网纹辊、印版滚与不抬印滚之间虽说是滚不抬，但是网纹辊、印版辊与不抬印辊是有不抬缩的，而不一辊的线速量又是分歧的，所以当不弛力过不小时，由于印版被不抬缩会与网纹辊之间爆发必定的滑动摩擦，从而使印版爆发磨损。

Figure 2 printing plate gaskets is higher than the 0.2 ~ 0.3mm hobber pillow, blanket below the occipital hobber 0.05mm, a2, B2 Department produces a smaller convex hull, of course, less friction and sliding, wear plates, no szlama and "" taping, fault-printing plates and high, less hierarchical dot gain, clearly, the life expectancy of the machine, the electrical power consumed less.

图2印版的衬垫矮于滚枕0.2～0.3mm，橡皮布矮于滚枕0.05mm，在A2、B2处爆发的凹包较小，当然摩擦和滑动也多，印版磨损较多，无不推不净和"杠子"障碍爆发，印版的耐印率矮、网不面放大多，条理纯楚，机械的寿命放大，电机耗电也多。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Objective To investigate the relationship between ovum fertilization rate and sperm morphology, acrosome reaction in IVF and to explore the influence of parameters of sperm on fertilization rate.

目的 研究体外受精(in vitro fertilization，IVF)中精子形态、顶体反应与卵子受精率之间的关系，分析精子各参数在IVF受精率方面的参考意义。

A: I hear Mr. White wants to run for the Presidency!

我听说怀特先生要参加总统竞选！