查询词典 sleep disorder

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Results: 14 aphasic patients, including 1 RHL and 13 LHLs, were found 11 of 72 patients had apparent reading disorder, including 7 LHLs with language reading disorder and 4 RHLs with neglect reading disorder; and 29 of 72 patients had apparent writing disorder, including 13 LHLs with language writing disorder and 16 RHLs among whom 9 cases had visual space writing disorder and 7 cases had language writing disorder; RHLs showed lighter listenning comprehension disorder than that of LHLs in the test.

结果：本研究发现14例失语，其中右半球损伤1例，左半球损伤13例；11例明显阅读障碍，左半球损伤7例，均表现为语言性阅读障碍，右半球损伤4例，均为疏忽性阅读障碍；29例明显书写障碍，其中左半球损伤13例，均表现为语言性书写障碍，右半球损伤16例，9例为视空间性书写障碍，7例为语言性书写障碍；在听理解测试中右半球损伤患者较左半球损伤患者障碍程度轻。

We have many experts with decade's psychology medical experience; psychotherapy team qualified by the nation, and experienced nurses. We treat mental disorders like depression, anxiety, sleep-wake disorder, chronic pain, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, post-trauma stress disorder, hypochondriasis, eating disorder, psychosexual disorder, panic disorder, et al and mental disorders such as depression, anxiety due to systematic diseases.

我们拥有从事专科治疗几十年的名老专家、经国家认证的心理治疗团队，以及经验丰富的护理康复团队，拥有病床近60张，在国内首先实行双轨制，采取药物治疗与心理治疗、团体治疗、松弛治疗、催眠治疗及暗示治疗等多种治疗方法相结合的科学方法，治疗抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍、慢性疼痛、社交恐惧、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍、疑病症、进食障碍、性心理障碍、惊恐障碍等心理障碍及各种躯体疾病伴发的抑郁、焦虑、睡眠的问题。

objective to study the correlation among psychosomatic health factors,depression,anxiety and sleep status in college students,to analyze influence factors in sleep status.methods with questionnaire opened in-vestigation,200college students were evaluated using cornell medical index,self-rating depression,self-rating anxiety scaleand pittsburgh sleep quality index.stepwise regression analysis was used.re-sults total score of sds was35.55±7.8,and sas was0.48±0.9.each score of cmi was higher than normal range,the highest was digestion system,next was respiration system,then,fatigue,eyes and ears,anxiety,sensitivity,tension,maladjustment in turn.total average score of psqi was6.32±3.6,ordinary sleep were115cases（57.5%）,good and bad sleep were42（21%）and43（21.5%）cases respectively.influence factors in total score of psqi were sas,cmi,respiration system,anxiety,past healthy,digestion system,fatigue,sensitivity,sds and malad-justment in turn,using stepwise regression analysis,total score of psqi as dependent variable,each factor score of cmi,total score of sds and sas as independent variables.conclusion problems of psychosomatic health,anxiety and depression could both lead to sleep disorder.

目的 研究在校大学生心身健康因素及抑郁焦虑等与睡眠状况的相关性，并对影响睡眠状况的有关因素进行分析。方法采用问卷式的开放性研究，对在校的200名大学生进行康奈尔心身健康问卷、自评抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表的测定，采用逐步回归分析方法。结果 sds总分为35.55±7.8、sas总分为0.48±0.9，cmi评分：消化系统最为严重评分为2.52，其次为呼吸系统、疲劳感、眼和耳、焦虑、敏感、紧张、不适应等，评分均高于正常常模。psqi总均分为6.32±3.6，一般睡眠有115例占57.5%，睡眠质量较好42例占21.0%，睡眠质量较差43例占21.5%。评估对睡眠状况的影响程度，以psqi总分为因变量，选择cmi各因子分和sds、sas总分作为自变量，进行多因素逐步回归分析，进入方程的因素依据标准化偏回归系数，影响psqi总分的因素依次为sas总分、cmi总分、呼吸系统、焦虑、既往健康、消化系统、疲劳感、敏感、sds总分、不适应（f=226.8；p.01；r=0.73）。结论心身健康问题和焦虑抑郁可导致睡眠障碍。

The disorder contained can only cause the complexity in the organization, disorder outside organization has the influence to organization complexity, but it cannot cause the organization the complexity, only if it is absorbed and in the organization, can the disorder constitute the complexity; all nature of the complexity is produced because of the disorder in the organization, if there is no the disorder, the organization has no nature such as fortuitousness, randomness, multiplicity and non-linearity, and it is impossible to appear the perturbation, the fluctuation, emerges with phenomenon such as branch, and cannot change suddenly and evolve.

无序只有包含于组织中才能够导致复杂性，组织外的无序对组织的复杂性产生影响，但它不能导致组织的复杂性，只有被组织吸收，成为组织内的无序，才能构成复杂性。复杂性的所有性质都因包含于组织中的无序而产生。没有无序，组织就没有偶然性、随机性、多样性和非线性等性质，就不可能出现扰动、涨落、涌现和分岔等现象，就不能突变和进化。

D. If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or compulsions is not restricted to it(e.g., preoccupation with food in the presence of an Eating Disorder; hair pulling in the presence of Trichotillomania; concern with appearance in the presence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder; preoccupation with drugs in the presence of a Substance Use Disorder; preoccupation with having a serious illness in the presence of Hypochondriasis; preoccupation with sexual urges or fantasies in the presence of a Paraphilia; or guilty ruminations in the presence of Major Depressive Disorder).

同样幸运的是，这些强迫观念或行为也没有出现在其他地方，比如你我没有饮食障碍，想吃就吃；我们也不无缘无故地拔自己的头发；你我不过分注重外表，脸盘子大，费话，那是我的错吗？我们更不滥用药物，做到能不吃药就不吃；害怕自己得了大病？去医院查一下不就行了嘛，整天翻过来掉过去地想，没有必要。现在才知道，一看到美腿就有性冲动，产生性幻想，实际上是性欲倒错（好象对美丽的追求，是人的天性吧）；要是真抑郁了，可不好办，老想着自己犯的错，不干别的，人会疯特了的。

The change cannot be explained by a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated from residual schizophrenia and other states of incomplete recovery from an antecedent mental disorder. This disorder is characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding attitude towards others; conviction of being changed or stigmatized by the illness, leading to an inability to form and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to social isolation; passivity, reduced interests, and diminished involvement in leisure activities; persistent complaints of being ill, which may be associated with hypochondriacal claims and illness behaviour; dysphoric or labile mood, not due to the presence of a current mental disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective symptoms; and longstanding problems in social and occupational functioning.

此种改变无法以先前存在的人格违常来解释，必须与精神分裂症残馀症状及其他先前存在精神疾病未完全康复状态做鉴别诊断，此种人格违常之特质：对他人过度依赖且过度要求，由於疾病所影响或心中烙印此一疾病，导致无法与他人形成且维持亲密而信赖的人际关系，造成社会孤立；显得较被动；兴趣变的较低落，且减少休闲活动之参与，不断抱怨处於生病之中，可能附带虑病性的要求及生病行为；其低落情绪或不稳定之情绪，并非源自目前存在的精神疾病或先前存在的精神疾病之残存症状；并且长期有社会功能和职业功能方面的问题。

The major symptoms of SLE are the following: butterfly shaped Malar rash particularly on cheeks, discoidal rash, Photosensitivity, regular oral ulcers, nonerosive Arthritis, Pleuritis or Pericarditis, renal disorder, neurologic disorder, hematologic disorder, immunologic disorder, Anti-nuclear Antibody Test positive. Patients who are present any four of above symptoms can be clinically classifi-ed as SLE patients.

SLE的主要临床徵候包含：脸上呈蝴蝶状分布的红斑、身体出现圆盘状红斑、对阳光过敏、经常口腔溃疡、多发性关节炎、胸膜炎或心包膜炎、肾功能障碍、神经系统异常、血球计数异常、免疫系统异常、抗核抗体（Anti-nuclear Ab，ANA）阳性；只要在以上11项中出现四项以上即符合SLE的诊断。

The Confucianism background of Narcissistic Personality Disorder :A group of patients with personality disorder who grew up in families with strong Confucianism background, well educated and professionally successful, yet lacked the basic ability of empathy were discussed from the view of narcissism in psychodynamics. This article tried to describe how Confucianism influenced on the formation of this type of personality disorder and which characteristics in Confucianism could serve to be the basis of this type of personality disorder within family interaction.

本文作者运用精神分析学对自恋和自恋性障碍研究的成果，通过对一组受过良好教育，有较浓儒家文化的家庭背景，且有一定的工作业绩，但缺乏基本共情能力的人格障碍患者的临床观察，试图阐述儒家文化对这类人格障碍形成的影响，以及这种文化的哪些要素在家庭互动中导致了这种人格障碍的形成。

Out where the river broke The bloodwood and the desert oak Holden wrecks and boiling diesels Steam in forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share Four wheels scare the cockatoos From Kintore East to Yuendemu The western desert lives and breathes In forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning

在哪里爆发的河流该bloodwood和沙漠橡树霍顿沉船和沸腾柴油蒸汽在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额四个轮子吓唬cockatoos 从金托尔东Yuendemu 西部沙漠的生命和呼吸在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧

He think the world care little whether a man is a churchman, so long as he is good and true.

他想只要一个人慈善忠厚，谁也不会介意他是否是个教徒。

Aiming at the temperature control requirement of multi-workplats fritting furnace, this paper presents an electric circuit design.

针对多工位扩散炉的温度控制要求，介绍了以TCA785为核心的可控硅移相触发电路设计。