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The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Most of the AFMs scan sample under a stationary cantilever. These AFMs only can test small samples, because the size and weight of the sample is restricted by the size and resonance frequency of the tube piezoceramics scanner.

常见的原子力显微镜多采用样品扫描方式，因为样品尺寸和重量受到传统的管状压电陶瓷扫描器的限制，它只适合小样品的测试。

Producted RF and CRF aerogels by process of sol-gel technics, dynamic-exchange, CO2 supercritical drying, and procedural increase in temperature carbonization methods, which have eximious capability and nanometer network structure; Systemic analysis various factors which effect gel course, such as ratio of reactants and the dosage of catalyst, and probed into the better experiments conditions(the concentration of resorcinol and formaldehyde is more than 2% and the value of R/C is between 50 and 300); During gel course , primary investigated the viscosity curve and particle size distribution of sol-solution, and analyzed the reason of catalyst dosage effects particle size of gel, and confirmed that the up-growth of gel follows the theory of " polymerize increase ".The experiment results indicated that ultrasonic with unvarying temperature disposal shortened gel time and optimized quality of gels, and the factors of ultrasonic effect gel reaction velocity were analyzed; Prepared organic aerogels using compounds of resorcin and hydroquinone substitute resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde the first time, and also optimized the proportion of resorcinol and hydroquinone (the proportion of hydroquinone in 10%～40%).

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合动态溶剂交换、CO2超临界流体干燥与程序升温碳化方法制备出性能优良、具有纳米网络结构的RF与CRF气凝胶；深入研究了反应物配比催化剂用量等条件对凝胶过程的影响，得到了较佳的RF凝胶制备条件(RF浓度应大于2%，R/C值取50～300)；初步研究了凝胶过程中的粘度、粒径变化情况，分析了催化剂用量影响凝胶中粒子尺度的原因，在实验上印证了凝胶生长遵循"聚增长"的理论；通过引入超声波改进了RF气凝胶的制备工艺，缩短了凝胶反应时间，提高了凝胶品质，并探讨了超声波促进RF凝胶反应作用的原因；首次用对苯二酚与间苯二酚复配制备了混合有机气凝胶，优化出复配比(对苯二酚含量为10%～40%)。2。

According to public information, investment peace of mind Revenue Bond Fund issue size has been issued over the same period the average size of the market.

据公开信息，投资的心态和平收入债券基金发行规模已超过同期市场发行的平均规模。

Analysis based on hydromechanics indicates that the size of minimum vortexes determines the size of agglomerates of xonotlite. The stirring Reynold's number should be less than 16500 for formation of large agglomerates.

搅伴流体力学分析指出搅伴产生最小旋涡尺寸决定了球形团聚体的大小，为了获得大的球形团聚体，搅伴雷诺数应该小于16500。

Based on all the researches available, this paper simulates a more general ARIMA(0,1,q) process and analyzes the influence of lag length selection criterions to the size and power of the ADF test with different data generating processes, ADF regressions, and sample sizes. Finally, it is proved that the Modified Information Criteria always shows a more proper size and the General to Special Criteria has more robust properties in ADF test.

本文在已有研究的基础上，模拟了更为般的ARIMA(0，1，q)过程，分析了在不同的数据生成过程、检验式以及样本容量下，各种滞后长度选择方法对ADF检验功效和实际检验水平的影响，最后以为修正的信息准则通常具有较合理的实际检验水平，而从般到特殊法具有更为稳健的ADF检验性质。

But, because Small and Medium Enterprise Board isn t running for a long time ,so the capital scale and mechanism can t meet the demand of middle-size and small-size enterprise.

但是，由于中小企业板运行时间不长，自身的规模以及相应的制度安排不能满足中小企业的发展需求。

Profile controls everything that total runout does as well as size if the size dimension is made BASIC.

对给出了基本尺寸的轮廓度来说，这种轮廓度不仅对尺寸给出了公差规范要求，而且控制了被测特征的所有几何公差要求。

The wise man sais,"If you had a diamond the size of your thumb, you could have your own city. If you had a diamond the size of your fist you could probably own your own country."

智者说，"如果你拥有一块拇指般大的钻石，你就能换到一座属于自己的城市；如果你拥有一块拳头般大的钻石，你就可能会拥有一个属于自己的国家。"

The ratio of sample size to population size.

抽样规模与人口规模的比率。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。