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With the concentration increasing, the fluorescence spectrum changed from single peak to double peak then to single peak again, and the double peak wholly appear Einstein shift.

随着溶液浓度的增大，荧光光谱出现了由单峰到双峰再到单峰的变化，且第一、第二荧光峰分别出现红移。

In this research, we report the development and experimental results of a single cell electroporation lab chip via the integration of dielectrophoresis manipulation and AC electrokinetic pump. Both dielectrophoresis force and AC electrokinetics pump are incorporated in this micro-chip for the target of single cell electroporation.

在这篇论文研究中，我们设计一利用介电泳力(Dielectrophoresis， DEP)达到细胞操控并且整合交流电动式微帮浦之微生医实验室晶片，提供单一细胞电穿透的生医应用。

Its benefit is that different structural sizes can be controlled by single design variable, such as the thickness of plate element and the area of bar element can be controlled by single dimensionless design variable.

采用无量纲设计变量为了适合工程实际的设计变量连接，利用无量纲设计变量，其好处是可以跨单元、跨截面的用同一个设计变量控制不同类型的结构尺寸(如板单元的厚度、杆单元的截面面积等)。

Developmengts anslysis on plant high, caulis leaves and single fruit showed with coincident disciplinarian, but distributing unlikeness. From seedling time to flourishing time, 2 importing varities's developments curve were keeping epigyny, showed that importing tomatoes varities had obvious advantage on plant high, caulis leaves and single fruit, and had bigger increase production potential.

株高、主茎叶片数和单株果数等3个测试指标的动态分析表明，规律一致但分布不同，2个进口品种的动态曲线从苗期到盛果期始终保持上位，说明进口品种在株高、主茎叶片数和单株果数3个生长发育指标上具有明显优势，植株生长旺盛，增产潜力大。

There can be numerous small independent governments. But it is far more difficult to maintain numerous equipotent small centers of political power in a single large government than it is to have numerous centers of economic strength in a single large economy.

虽然能够形成许多小型的独立政府，但是在一个单一的大型政府下维持许多均等大小的小型政治权力中心，要比在一个单一大型经济下维持许多小型经济力量中心困难得多。

Previously Ergon Energy had selected suppliers on a project by project basis, but the benefits and savings of contracting a single vendor and single switchgear platform were too compelling to ignore.

先前，Ergon Energy公司是一个项目选择一家供应商，但与固定一家供应商签订合同以及相同开关柜平台所带来利益和节省也太明显，让人无法忽略。

Aiming at these problems, an expectation maximum based MAP algorithm is proposed and the performance is analyzed. The proposed algorithm avoids large matrix operations by using the EM algorithm to decompose the MIMO channel estimation problem into a series of single input single output problems. Besides, a joint estimation is carried out over multiple OFDM symbols in order to enhance the data transmission efficiency and the estimative performance of the proposed algorithm.

该算法利用EM算法把多输入输出信道估计问题化简为一系列独立的单输入输出问题，避免了大规模矩阵运算，降低了MAP算法的计算复杂度；为进一步改善MAP算法的数据传输效率及其估计性能，可通过对多个连续的OFDM符号进行联合信道估计。

The traditional virtual boundary integral expression is based on the extension of single layer potential, for the integral formulas related to single layer potential for parabolic problem, the numerical computation of the exponential integral function is unavoidable.

通常的虚边界积分公式是利用单层位势的延拓来建立虚边界元积分方程，但对带时间变量的单层位势，要涉及到指数积分函数的计算。

In order to solve the problem, We proposed a simple formula for computing paraxial travel time of single-way wave operator. The formula is based on the forward and inverse transform between time-space domain to frequency-wavenumber domain and from vector field to exponential as polynomials of wavenumber. Coefficients of travel time polynomials and that of single-square-root operator are related each other and calculated by Lie algebraic integrand, exponential map and the saddlepoint method.

针对此，基于时间空间域到频率波数域和向量场到指数流形上的正反变换，提出了计算单程波算子旁轴走时的简便公式，将走时表示成空间变量（地面点到地下相点的水平距离）的多项式，将频率波数域单平方根算子表示成波数的多项式，运用Lie代数积分、指数映射和鞍点法将走时多项式的系数与单平方根算子的系数联系起来，运用单平方根算子的系数计算走时多项式的系数。

On the basis of the kinetic equation of substrate reaction in the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, all microscopic kinetic constants for the free enzyme and enzyme-substrate binary and ternary complexes have been determined. The results of the present studies indicate that:①In the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme-substrate complexes lose their activity less rapidly than the free enzyme. Therefore, both substrates, NADPH and 7, 8-dihydrofolate, protect dihydrofolate reductase against inactivation.②The denaturation of dihydrofolate reductase by urea follows single-phase kinetics, and changes in enzyme activity and tertiary structure proceed simultaneously in the unfolding process, so it may be an"all or none"process.③The GdnHCl-induced unfolding of the dihydrofolate shows a biphasic transition, while the change in the enzyme activity is a single exponential process. The rate constant of inactivation is consistent with that of the fast conformational change. Therefore, the kinetic intermediate of protein unfolding should be a partially folded and inactive form.

我们根据在脲或盐酸胍存在下的底物反应动力学方程求得游离酶和酶底物二元、三元复合物的微观动力学常数，结果表明：①酶-底物二元、三元复合物的失活速度明显慢于游离酶，说明两个底物二氢叶酸和NADPH对酶的失活都具有一定程度的保护作用；②在脲作用下，酶的失活和构象变化均为单指数项过程，而且酶的活力丧失和三级结构变化是同时发生的，说明二氢叶酸还原酶的脲变性可能是一个"全或无"的两态过程；③在盐酸胍作用下，酶的构象变化为两相过程，而失活则是单指数项过程，酶分子构象变化的快相速度常数与失活速度常数基本一致，因此我们认为二氢叶酸还原酶的盐酸胍变性过程中存在一个没有活力、但仍具备一定空间结构的变性中间体。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。