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From TEM bright field image, it can be seen that the surface image of CoPt formed discrete islands, and gradually change to continuous film as the CoPt thickness increase. After annealed at 700℃ for 30 minutes, the single domain state is found by the observation of MFM images at 7.5 nm CoPt. At single domain state, the variation of coercivity with particle size agree with the theory of single domain particles.

由TEM平面明视野影像可以看到，随著CoPt厚度的增加，其表面型态由不连续岛状结构逐渐转变为连续膜，从MFM图可以发现於700℃退火30分钟之CoPt(7.5 nm)为单磁区状态，在此单磁区状态其矫顽磁力随颗粒直径的变化符合单磁区理论。

If the same two single are plied into a double by twisting 100 tpm in the Z direction, the counterclockwise twist will tend to unwrap the single yarns and the internal torque of the single yarns will be reduced to 100 in the S direction.

如果给相同的两根单纱加上Z方向上100tpm的捻度使它们合成一股时，逆时针方向的加捻则会使单根纱线易于解开，使其在S捻向上的内部扭转力降到100。

MAX232 used to achieve single-chip PC with the plane between the level of conversion, a simple 3-wire connection method of communication, the upcoming PC and the single-chip to send data and receive data client-side cross-connect two of the earth Directly connected, PC-flight use of the existing serial debugging software assistant, is the use of single-chip assembly language programming.

采用MAX232实现PC机与单片机之间的电平转换，采用简单的3线制连接方法实现通信，即将PC机和单片机的发送数据端与接收数据端交叉连接，两者的地线直接相连，PC机上采用了现有的串口调试助手软件，单片机则利用汇编语言进行编程。

Experimental design of the circuit - the transistor triggered by a single node of the single-phase half-controlled bridge rectifier circuit, through the step-down, rectifier, output waveform, circuit design including DC motors, Thyristor, single crystal, such as rectifier circuits.

实验设计电路-由单结晶体管触发的单相半控桥式整流电路，通过降压、整流、输出波形，电路设计包括直流电动机，晶闸管，单结晶，整流电路等。

The test results show that both the permeability of sandstone and that of granite with a single fracture declines with the increasing effective pressure, following the law of exponential decay. The permeability sensitivity of granite with a single fracture to effective stress is much stronger than that of sandstone, but the recovery capability of permeability of sandstone is more stronger than that of granite with a single fracture.

试验结果表明，在围压升降过程中，砂岩和单裂隙花岗岩的渗透率均随有效应力的增加呈负指数规律减小，但单裂隙花岗岩的渗透率对有效应力的敏感程度远大于砂岩，而砂岩渗透率的恢复程度则远大于单裂隙花岗岩。

Our company specializes in production and management: Domestic imports Diphosgene kraft paper, kraft paper Lamination,¤kraft paper, paper printing paper, packaging paper, refined kraft wrapping paper, cardboard cow, single-ray paper, writing paper, insulation paper, single, double face copy paper, single-, double-sided copper plate paper, paper×whiteboard, whiteboard white paper, newsprint, domestic / import two-sided offset paper, tissue paper and BOPP films, all types of Asian film industry and special packaging paper paper, office paper and paper products, varieties of a total of more than 1800 kinds, involving industry has glass, toys, plants, garment factories, shoe factories, printing, paper packaging plant, Adhesive Products Factory,§, food Factory, optical instrument factory, leather factory, line Manufacturer, PCB Circuit Manufacturer, Lamination Plant, a large electronics factory, electroplating plants and so on.

本公司专业生产和经营：国产进口双光牛皮纸、压合牛皮纸、淋膜牛皮纸、票据打印纸，包装牛皮纸，精制牛皮包装纸、牛卡纸、单光纸、书写纸、绝缘纸、单、双面拷贝纸、单、双面铜板纸、灰底白板纸、白底白板纸、新闻纸、国产/进口双胶纸、棉纸、及BOPP光膜，亚膜等各类工业用纸及特殊包装用纸，办公用纸和食品用纸，品种共1800多种，涉及行业有玻璃厂、玩具厂、制衣厂、鞋厂、印刷厂、纸品包装厂、胶粘制品厂、铝材厂、食品厂，光学仪器厂、皮具厂、线路板厂、PCB电路板厂、覆铜板厂、大型电子厂、电镀厂等。

So, in chapter 2 we discussed the basic principle of AFM based single molecule force spectroscopy, including the immobilization method of the samples to be investigated, the experimental control of single molecule detection and the standard for the distinguishment of single molecule detection.

因此，在论文的第二章专门讨论了基于AFM的单分子力谱仪的工作原理。

The making process includes: setting insulating solid film on one horizontal rotating carrier with particle detecting unit and etching with single particle beam in the incident angle of 9.6-90 deg to penetrate the film, shifting the film relatively to the single particle beam and etching for the next time, and so on until the film is rotated by one turn to obtain truncated cone shaped, double turned truncated cone shaped or cylindrical single nanometer hole.

本发明将固体绝缘薄膜置于带有粒子检测装置的一个可水平旋转的载体上，用单粒子束刻蚀该薄膜，单粒子束入射角大于等于9.6°、小于等于90°，并且单粒子束在该薄膜底部、顶部、或二者之间与薄膜旋转轴交叉，待单粒子束完全穿透该薄膜后，固体绝缘薄膜底部的粒子监测器反馈使该薄膜被穿透处与单粒子束相对移动1荆再刻蚀，如此反复，直至固体绝缘薄膜旋转一周，获得圆台形、双倒圆台形或圆筒形的单纳米孔。

In this thesis, terahertz transmission properties through three kinds of simple sub-wavelength metallic structures, including single sub-wavelength metallic circular hole, single sub-wavelength metallic slit and double sub-wavelength metallic slits, are experimentally investigated in the far field by using our own THz time-domain spectroscopy system and are theoretically analyzed. Conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) a single sub-wavelength metallic circular hole exhibits the same terahertz transmission properties as that of round metallic waveguide, which are influenced by the diameter of circular hole and the thickness of metal foil.

本文利用本实验室搭建的太赫兹时域光谱系统研究了太赫兹波段金属亚波长结构的透射特性，其中对三类金属亚波长简单结构即单个金属亚波长圆孔、单个金属亚波长狭缝和金属亚波长双缝的太赫兹透射现象进行了远场探测以及理论上的分析，得到了以下一些成果：(1)太赫兹波通过单个金属亚波长圆孔的传播现象与圆形金属波导具有相同的规律，其特性受到圆孔直径和金属箔厚度的影响。

In order to solve the problem,We proposed a simple formula for computing paraxial travel time of single-way wave operator. The formula is based on the forward and inverse transform between time-space domain to frequency-wavenumber domain and from vector field to exponential manifold. The travel time are expressed as polynomials of the horizontal offset between the two points, and the single-square-root operator in frequency-wavenumber domain are expressed as polynomials of wavenumber. Coefficients of travel time polynomials and that of single-square-root operator are related each other and calculated by Lie algebraic integrand, exponential map and the saddle-point method.

针对此，基于时间空间域到频率波数域和向量场到指数流形上的正反变换，提出了计算单程波算子旁轴走时的简便公式，将走时表示成空间变量(地面点到地下相点的水平距离)的多项式，将频率波数域单平方根算子表示成波数的多项式，运用Lie代数积分、指数映射和鞍点法将走时多项式的系数与单平方根算子的系数联系起来，运用单平方根算子的系数计算走时多项式的系数。

Methods Clinical data of 3 cases of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively.

回顾总结3例LC术中胆管损伤的临床资料，分析3例胆管损伤的原因及对策。

These techniques are applied to the gobang.

本文将这些技术用于五子棋中。