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It seems that Smale horseshoes in mechanical systems can only be determined by numerical methods or by simplified mathematical maps.

目前，力学系统中的马蹄是由数值方法或根据简化后的数学模型确定。

"We deeloped a simplified method for increasing pharyngeal pressure by deliering warm and humidified air at a continuous high flow rate through the open nasal cannula," they said.

&我们发现了一种简单的方法通过开放的鼻导管输送加热加湿的空气，以持续高流率提高咽部压力。&他们说。

So, the authors simplified the motion of rockfall as equivalent frictional motion, and the imperilled area by rockfall was estimated.

将落石在坡面运动状态归结为跳跃、滚动和滑动，并以危岩起始运动速度作为初始速度，通过分段计算得到落石沿坡面的完整运动路径。

Many research tools and methods for ship collision analysis have been developed since Minorsky's inaugurating study in this field, including empirical method, simplified analytical method, experimental method, finite element method, and so on.

从1959年Minorsky在船舶碰撞领域做出开创性工作以来，到现在已经发展出多种研究方法用于船舶碰撞分析，包括经验方法、简化的解析方法、试验方法和有限元仿真方法等。

In this paper, the physical-chemical properties and the melting characteristics of bottom ash and fly ash from two MSW incinerating plants in east China were analyzed. The cold-state simulation and simplified hot-state simulation of the melting furnace we designed were performed by using the CFD software-FLUENT.

本文研究了华东地区两家垃圾焚烧厂的底灰和飞灰的基本特性和熔融特性，用FLUENT软件对设计的旋风熔融炉进行了冷态模拟和简化的热态模拟。

Third, a simplified mathematical model is specially developed to study the effect of flow field structure on performance of PEM fuel cell with interdigitated flow field.

提高电池阴极和阳极的增湿温度都会增加阴极的淹没程度，但是前者的影响程度较之后者要。

In this paper, propagation and amplification of X-ray laser produced by irradiating the curvature target is described by using a simplified model.

介绍了在泵浦激光辐照弯曲靶情况下X射线激光的生成放大过程，依照London理论建立了简化的弯曲等离子体模型，并通过简化模型研究了X射线激光在弯曲等离子体中的传播和增益过程，给出了光线传播的简化解析方程。

After analyzing and comparing, the method in reference (1) is improved. The whole boom, including jibs, is simplified as a combined structure and the rigid jibs and flexible ropes used on boom frame are analyzed and treated. Influences of adopting overlapping principle in force equation on calculation results of last inner forces in rigid jibs and flexible ropes are described.

经分析对比，对文献[1]的方法进行了改进，将整个吊臂简化为一组合结构，并对臂架使用的刚性拉杆或柔性拉索进行了分析处理，阐述了在力法方程中使用叠加原理对吊臂刚性拉杆或柔性拉索的最终内力计算结果的影响。

After analyzing and comparing, the method in reference (1) is improved. The whole boom, including jibs, is simplified as a combined structure and the rigid jibs and flexible ropes used on boom frame are analyzed and treated. Influences of adopting overlapping principle in force equation on calculation results of last inner forces in rigid jibs and flexible ropes are described.

经分析对比，对文献[1]的方法进行了改进，将整个吊臂简化为一组合结构，并对臂架使用的刚性拉杆或柔性拉索进行了分析处理，阐述了在力法方程中使用迭加原理对吊臂刚性拉杆或柔性拉索的最终内力计算结果的影响。

It has been emphatically demonstrated how the forces and moments in every direction of the levitating ring have been calculated from measuring signals. The other parts of the measuring device have been briefly introduced. In chapter 5, according to the symmetrical characteristic of whole model, two similar simplified submodels have been built and described on the coordinate subsystems, and its dynamic state equations have been built.

第二章，总结了电磁悬浮器的基本工作原理，对之及其同类作了结构形式的分类；综述了电磁悬浮器及其同类的发展历史、研究及应用现状，并结合作者本人的研究工作经历，对其本体的结构和设计，进行了分析和选择，对系统中的测量传感器、测量放大器、控制器及功率放大器的特点、设计和实现等，作了述评；提出了本文的研究目标。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。