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His works are mainly concerned with the lower class people, especially the historical suffering and present predicament of East European Jews and American Jewish immigrants. The ordinary people depicted in Malamud\'s novels are very similar to the schlemiels in traditional Jewish literature. They suffer a lot in their life, and thus want to escape from their shameful past and try to seek a new ideal life. However, they can not break away from their Jewish heritage they once deserted at the bottom of their heart. At last, they learn to live a life of imprisonment and adhere to an ethic of conscience, responsibility, love, and mercy.

他的作品主要以社会最底层的人物作为描写对象，尤其展示了东欧犹太人和美国犹太移民的历史遭遇和现实困境，这些小人物就类似于传统犹太文学当中的傻瓜式人物施勒密尔，他们多灾多难，渴望逃避过去，追求梦想的新生活，但在内心深处与他逃逸的传统无法分割，最终学会生活在一种自我禁锢的环境里，执着于良知、责任感、怜悯、和爱。

"There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then ""seeding" the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size.

中文解释=有两种典型的牡蛎养殖场︰悬浮养殖，牡蛎不接触海水底部而在悬浮的箱架中生长，属於劳动力密集型式的养殖方式，工具和贝都需要经常照顾和清洗。底部养殖，类似於传统的在土地上种植农作物，需要选择能提供营养物、必须的水流、被捕食者接触的机会最小、和适宜的温度的海底地，然后将贝类&种植&在海底，让它生长到市场所需的大小。

The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was detected by microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the cellular proportion of laminin group increased in 62 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly. As shown by the microscope, the cells of control group were in low density. The cells in mass connected tightly. The microfilament appeared reticular formation. The nucleus were the same in size. The cells of laminin group were in high density and put out so many lamellipodia, filopodia, which connected with the surrounding cells. The microfilament increased, elongated, and changed from reticulodromous to sarciniform, which reached to the pseudopods. The nucleus were different in size .(2) As shown by the inverted microscope and the cell growth curve, comparing with the controlgroup, cells of each test group increased evidently. The cellular proportion of each test group increased in S phase and G2 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly, but there was no considerable interations between LN and EGF;(3) As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemets membrane closely, which was similar to the natural tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately.

结果：(1)层粘连蛋白组处于G_2～M期细胞比例较对照组显著提高，Go～G_1期细胞比例显著下降，提示层粘连蛋白促进内皮细胞DNA合成，及细胞分裂增殖；光镜下，对照组细胞分布成团状，细胞密度较低，细胞间连接紧密，细胞内微丝结成网状，细胞核大小一致；与对照组相比，层粘连蛋白组细胞生长旺盛，细胞密度高，向周边伸出大量板状及丝状伪足，细胞内微丝增多、拉长、集结成束，伸入伪足中，细胞核形状大小不一致；(2)倒置显微镜观察及细胞生长曲线显示，各组细胞数目随时间增加而明显增多，各实验组较对照组增生显著，EGF和LN联合应用组各时间点细胞数目最高；实验组处于S期和G_2～M期细胞数目增加，Go～G_1期细胞数目减少；提示EGF、LN单独及联合应用均可促进细胞增殖，但尚不能认为二者有交互作用；(3)倒置显微镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞排列成密集的单层，细胞间连接紧密；组织学观察发现，培养的猫角膜内皮细胞形成完整的内皮层，贴附于脱水基质的后弹力膜上，与正常的角膜内皮组织结构相似；扫描电镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞间紧密镶嵌排列，可见某些细胞呈近似六边形排列，细胞大小不甚一致，胞核清晰。

Based on the relationship between the numerical aperture of the objective lens and scale pitch, this study chooses a suitable Plano-convex lenses available on the market, so as to approximate the diameter of the focusing spots to scale pitch. Also, by using the optical path of an optical encoder similar to the nanoscale, the changes in the surface profile of the scale can be measured directly, so as to obtain the two quadrature sinusoidal signals. By counting the zero crossing of these two quadrature sinusoidal signals and calculating the interpolation value of these two quadrature sinusoidal signals, the moving direction and moving displacement value of the scale can be obtained.

研究中再以搭配物镜的数值孔径与尺条间距的关系，选择ㄧ适当的市售平凸透镜，使聚焦光点的直径与尺条的间距相近，并使用相同於奈米级长行程双雷射聚焦读头装置的光路设计，如此将可藉由直接量测尺条的表面轮廓变化，以获得一组正交弦波讯号，继而利用讯号四分割与细分割处理，计算出尺条之移动方向与移动量，研制出一实用性长行程双雷射聚焦读头光学尺。

For example, it could be added to a noun to make a second noun that referred to something connected with or similar to the first noun; thus, adding the suffix to the Old English word yrth,"ploughland," produced the Old English word yrthling, plowman.

例如，它可以和一个名词相连形成另一个与之关联或相似的名词；这样，把这个后缀加到古英语单词yrth &耕地&后边便形成了另一古英语单词 yrthling &农夫&。

In order to solve the problem,an exponential expression similar to that of the electromagnetic wave propagation loss is used to describe change of observation weight with distance,and the standard statistics retrieval algorithm is used to test the effect of retrieval speed and precision caused by different observation weight.

赵小峰 解放军理工大学气象学院，南京 211101提出采用一种与电磁波传播损耗相类似的指数衰减形式来描绘观测值权重随距离的变化，结合标准的统计反演算法来测试不同的观测值权值对反演速度与精度的影响。

In Taiwan, as a result of the high education to popularize, the female's education level popularize gradually, and education degree are similar to male's day by day. As the increasing of female employment, they are improving the income relatively. The marketing environment is changeable, The marketing strategy isn't suitable for today's situation as it was successful in the past. If the marketers do not to give up former marketing thinking regarding male's consumer demands, they wont to survive in rapid-changing market at last.

而在台湾，由於女性教育程度逐渐提升，使得男女性别之教育程度日渐接近，女性就业人口快速增加，自有收入也相对提高，因此，行销活动所面临的是一个变化无常的经营环境，往日成功的行销策略并不代表便适用於今日之情境，行销者若不抛弃旧有以男性消费者为主要诉求之行销思维，终将无法在这快速变迁的市场中继续生存。

Through analysis and discussion in the following chapters, four strategies are summarized for teachers' further reference.(1) The individualized physical education program－Through the plan with similar to IEP, teachers arrange physical activities properly for children with mental retardation.(2) Cognitive behavior modification－Through demonstration and guidance, students are able to change behaviors by modeling and correcting their cognitive patterns.(3) Task analysis approach－Teachers have to divide a particular movement skill into several individual sub-skills and then students would be able to master that specific skill by linking every well-practiced sub-skill.(4) Data processing mode－Students are motivated to learn with fun because the target skill has been analyzed into meaningful and organized procedures.

经过分析与探讨，本文提供四大体育教学策略供从事体育教学之教师参考：一、个别化体育计划——透过类似个别化教育计划（Individual Education Program， IEP）的计划，让教师先对智能障碍学童的需求与体育活动作适当的安排；二、认知行为改变技术——教师以示范、引导的方式，使智能障碍学童经由模仿，修正认知，让行为得以改变；三、工作分析法——教师先将动作技能分解成数个分项，智能障碍学童经充份练习每一分项，最后再将每个细部动作串联；四、讯息处理模式——透过教师引发学习动机，并将动作以有意义化与组织化的学习方式，让智能障碍学童从乐趣中学得动作技能。

Busparallel expansion and pipeline technique are adopted to improve the average inputand output speed of recorder based on FLASH memory. 2 A concept of 'cluster' isintroduced. The using state message of each cluster is loaded in the spare area,following the target datum, to keep the pipeline sequence of multiple clusters' loading, which guarantee the average input speed of system. 3 Based on the using statemessage of every cluster, the Cluster Allocation Table established in memory enablethe system to manage the recorder flexibly in high speed, similar to a file managementsystem. 4 PowerPC 8245 based embedded system, along with Vxworks real-timeoperating system is introduced to make the system more easier to be applied to theprojects in the future.

本文所述的关键技术特点主要包括：采用了并行扩展以及流水线操作技术以提高基于FLASH芯片的存储区平均输入输出能力；引入了&簇&的概念，为了保证连续写入过程中的流水线顺序，系统向存储区加载每一簇有效数据后，紧接着还将向相应簇的空余区中加载该簇的使用状态信息；根据所有簇的使用状态信息在系统内存中建立&簇分配表&，可以支持系统快速灵活地管理存储区，即，类文件化的数据管理；采用基于PowerPC8245的嵌入式计算机硬件系统及基于Vxworks的嵌入式实时操作系统，提高了系统的整体性能及系统研发的延续性。

They said people playing chess have to be trained to be extremely quiet, as they need to enter a self-oblivious state, which is quite similar to the state of praying.

吃完饭后我们一起议论这种状态，大家说下象棋的人要不断修炼得很安静，因为在下象棋的过程中要进入一种忘我的境界。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷