查询词典 shrub steppe

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

Wang. They are half-shrub belonging to section Dracunculus of genus Artemisia. with close kinships and quite similar morphological characteristics. Distributed in sand of steppe region and desert region in northern China, they are edificators or dominant species of sand vegetation and important wind break and sand fixation plants.

Wang是同属于蒿属龙蒿组的半灌木蒿类，亲缘相近，形态特征十分相似，分布于中国北方的草原区沙地和荒漠区，并成为沙生植被的建群种或优势种，是我国防风固沙的重要植物。

Seven different representative vegetation types of alpine grassland in Eastern Qilian Mountains, which were Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land, Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land, Dasiphoru fruticosa shrub land, Polygonum grassland, Grass steppe, Swamp grassland and Kobresia grassland were selected to be experimental samples.

本文选取东祁连山七种具有代表性的高寒草地植被类型作为试验样地，即杜鹃灌丛(Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land)，高山柳灌丛(Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land)，金露梅灌丛，珠芽蓼草地，禾草草地，沼泽草地，嵩草草地。

Results indicate that China's terrestrial ecosystems can be divided into 683 types, 135 of which are of high priority, including 75 forest ecosystems, 27 wetland ecosystems, 8 shrub ecosystems, 12 steppe ecosystems, 6 meadow ecosystems and 7 desert ecosystems.

结果表明，我国683类陆地生态系统中有优先保护生态系统类型有135类，其中森林生态系统75类，湿地生态系统27类，灌丛生态系统8类，草原生态系统12类，草甸生态系统6类，荒漠生态系统7类。

In addition,temperature was also the key factor controlling the spatial distribution of vegetation types,such as meadow,steppe, shrub and

此外，热量成为大兴安岭东西两麓发育的林缘草甸、草原、灌丛和低湿地等植被类型空间分布的主导因素。

In addition,temperature was also the key factor controlling the spatial distribution of vegetation types,such as meadow,steppe, shrub and low land

此外，热量成为大兴安岭东西两麓发育的林缘草甸、草原、灌丛和低湿地等植被类型空间分布的主导因素。

The steppe landscape is dominant but not apparent in its patch and area, and the percentage of the original vegetation of Stipa bungeana steppe is very low in the study area, which is apparently characterized by human disturbance. The diversity and evenness of patches in the study area are higher than those of the steppe landscape area, and the fragmentation and the isolation of the steppe are the highest. The landscape shapes of artificial arbor woods and cultivated lands are the simplest, and the landscape shapes of classical steppe and artificial shrub are in an instable stage.

结果表明：(1)草原景观在其斑块数和面积上虽然仍居首要地位，但其优势并不十分明显，而且该区原生植被本氏针茅草原只占很小的比重，呈现出非常明显的人类干扰特征；(2)研究区斑块的多样性程度和均匀度较高，而面积的多样性程度和均匀度较低，同时，典型草原的景观破碎度最大，景观分离度也最大；(3)景观形态上，人工乔木林和耕地的景观形态最为简单，典型草原和人工灌丛这2种景观类型还处于很不稳定的阶段。

It also suggested that the climate and environment in the area are characterized by changeability, sensitivity, instability, its general changes are the positive process of desertification correspondingly to the dry-cold steppe or desert steppe and desert, while the reverse process correspondingly to warm semi-humid forest steppe and temperate-humid shrub steppe.

进一步证实了古土壤S〓发育和河湖相沉积的萨拉乌苏组堆积时为温暖半湿润的森林或森林草原环境，全新世的砂质古土壤或湖沼相沉积时为温湿灌丛草原或疏林草原环境，黄土沉积时为半干旱干草原环境，风成砂沉积时为干旱荒漠草原甚至荒漠环境。

Analysis of sedimentary facies and the multiple proxy indexes indicate that climate have many times dry-cold and warm-wet changes in the desert-loess transition belt since the last interglacial, and environment undergone alternations from warm semi-humid forest steppe, temperate-humid shrub steppe, semi-arid steppe and dry-cold steppe, desert steppe to desert.

地层沉积相及粒度、磁化率、化学元素、孢粉和古脊椎动物化石等气候代用指标的测试分析，揭示了研究区末次间冰期以来气候有过多次干冷、暖湿波动，曾经历了干冷的干旱荒漠、干旱荒漠草原、半干旱干草原、温湿灌丛草原或疏林草原、温暖半湿润森林草原气候环境的交替变化。

Based on the field investigation in Aug 2001 and Aug 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristic along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway is studied in this article Meanwhile, the impacts of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the ecosystems are analyzed using ARCVIEW、ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS It was found that:(1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 altitudes,12 longitudes and 6 natural regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Chaidamu mountain desert region, South Qinghai alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region);(2) the constructions of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the Primary Productivity deceased by about 30504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432919.25～

：根据2001-08和2002-08月野外调查数据及2001年1∶100万中国植被图、1996年1∶400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。