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The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

The results show that the torsion energy and van der Waals interaction energy are the main types of energy and the substitution group has a great effect on the total energy of molecular. The aliphatic substitution would lead to the increase of total energy, while the aromatic substitution would lead to the decrease of total energy. The calculated results of bond length show that the bond length of aliphatic C—C is longer than that of aromatic C—C, which indicates that the rupture of aliphatic C—C is easier than that of aromatic C—C on heating.

研究结果表明，扭转能和范德华能是分子中的主要作用力，取代基对体系能量有明显影响，烷基取代基使体系能量增加，而苯基取代基使体系能量降低；脂肪C—C键长比芳香C—C键长长，说明脂肪C—C在受热过程中比芳香C—C更容易断裂分解。

Certainly, can"t what to deny is, nowadays the television variety show presenter from total come up to say that exist the not even present condition, but persistently the judgment can"t promote the variety show presenter"s character also, only seeking the wrong key sticking point place, is just sacred job of the theories researcher"s duty-bound to accept.

当然，不可否认的是，当今电视综艺节目主持人从总体上来说存在着参差不齐的现状，但一味地批判并不能提升综艺节目主持人的素质，只有找出问题的症结所在，才是理论研究者义不容辞的神圣职责。

This paper makes use of PID control, Fuzzy- PID control based on single parameter these two control strategies to simulate the systems model. Compared with common vehicle, the results of simulation show that the vehicle equipped with the electromagnetic power steering system has better yaw velocity frequency response characteristic under condition with step input of steering wheel, so it has more betterhandling stability; Compared with PID control strategy, the results show that the Fuzzy-PID control strategy has the advantages, such as response fast, stabilize itself quickly and less over-altitude.

本文使用了PID、单参数自整定Fuzzy-PID两种控制策略对系统模型进行控制，仿真结果表明：相对于普通汽车，装有电磁式助力转向系统的汽车在方向盘转角阶跃输入的情况下，汽车横摆角速度频率响应特性更好，因此具有更好的操纵稳定性；而相对于采用PID控制，采用单参数自整定Fuzzy-PID控制又可以使系统响应更迅速、超调量更小、稳定更快。

Experiments were carried out to verify the static model. Experimental results show that the experimental curve matched well with the simulated curve, and there was certain error between them (maximal static error is 0.035 rad). The error cause was analyzed. Then the experiments were carried out to measure the dynamic performances of the side-sway joint. Experimental results show that the step response time of the joint was about 2 s steady value's tolerance zone ?

完成了侧摆关节静态特性试验，试验结果与仿真曲线基本吻合，验证了静态模型的正确性，但存在一定误差（最大静态误差为0.035 rad），分析了误差原因；对侧摆关节进行了动态特性试验，试验结果表明对于不同的期望值角度阶跃信号，侧摆关节开环阶跃响应时间大约是2 s

Company ZAP, which is specialized in the production of storage batteries, prepared to show the newproducts under the stamp recharge-It-All battery, intended for everyday electronics and notebook, for the exhibition consumer electronics show, which will pass from 8-11 January in Las Vegas.

公司ZAP公司，是专业生产蓄电池，准备展示新产品的印花税下充电，它，所有的电池，打算用于日常电子产品和笔记本电脑，为展览消费电子展，将通过从一月8日至十一日在拉斯维加斯。

Company ZAP, which is specialized in the production of storage batteries, prepared to show the newproducts under the stamp recharge-It-All battery, intended for everyday electronics and notebook, for the exhibition consumer electronics show, which will pass from 8-11 January in Las Vegas.

公司zap ，这是一家专业生产蓄电池，准备显示新产品，根据邮票充电-它-所有电池，打算在日常电子产品和笔记本电脑，为展览消费电子展，这将通过从1月8日至11日在拉斯维加斯举行的。

Company ZAP, which is specialized in the production of storage batteries, prepared to show the newproducts under the stamp recharge-It-All battery, intended for everyday electronics and notebook, for the exhibition consumer electronics show, which will pass from 8-11 January in Las Vegas.

ZAP公司，是专业生产蓄电池、准备在新产品展示邮票补给--所有电池、电子记事拟天天、为展览电子消费品展，其中会将从1月8日至11日在拉斯维加斯。

Many women vision that everyone is able to show "beauty" face by the golden ratio from the ideal choice of facial image: Sunny splendor eyes, plump and smooth-skinned lips, which can show the bright face the optimal balance between the three-dimensional.

从众多女性们选择的理想脸部形象中，发现人人都憧憬的是能够呈现出「美的黄金比例」的脸庞。睛亮光彩的双眸，丰润饱满的双唇，与能同时展现出两者最佳平衡的立体鲜明的脸庞。

Photo Slide Show is an easy tool to convert digital photos to slide show and create stunning photo slide shows with transition effects.

照片幻灯片显示是一件容易的工具转换为数码照片，以幻灯片放映和创造令人叹服的照片幻灯片放映与过渡效果。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。