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Factor, decide at the pack head to go to Xian to build 1 lately sets up a railroad, this engineering is a pair of track circuit with total goods, design soon the 250 Kms/h , in set up of yellow river especially big bridge being located on this circuit, cross over yellow river length to reach to a 3912.89 ms, in especially the construction of the big bridge, measure the work show of is importance, relate to whole bridgeses of run-through, measure in use the whole station instrument and intelligence calculator, carry on a precision to measure to establish to the point, come to a to show Zhao in actually the work of effect, and speed construction progress, economized cost to create a performance.

为了适应经济的发展，进一步的开发大西北，也为了缓解内蒙古包头及东胜地区煤炭资源外运的运力紧张问题，结合当地的经济技术地质等因素，决定在包头至西安修建一条新建铁路，本工程为双线客货共轨线路，设计时速250Km/h，在建的黄河特大桥位于本线路上，跨越黄河长度达3912.89m，在特大桥的建设中，测量工作显的尤为重要，关系到全桥的贯通，测量中使用全站仪及智能计算器，对点位进行精确测设，在实际工作中达到了显著的效果，而且加快了施工进度，节约了成本创造了效益。

The results of yield and water use efficiency in field show that yield can not reduce, butwater use efficiency can increase significantly from 〓 to 〓 when alternateirrigation by interval furrow compared to the well-irrigated plant. In 1997 and 1998,the resultsof field trails show that seeds yield is above 8000kg/ha meanwhile irrigation water can save from〓 to 〓 or 〓, about more than 33% water can be saved, water-saving profit is significant.

大田小区试验产量和用水效率结果表明：隔行交替灌溉后灌溉用水效率明显增加，可由常规灌水的〓提高到〓以上，总用水效率〓以上，1997-1998年两年试验结果表明籽粒产量保持8000kg/ha以上高产水平的同时灌溉用水量可由〓降至〓，甚至〓，节水达33.3％以上而不引起产量下降，节水效益显著。

The results show that the composite is dense and silicon particles are distributed uniformly. Transmission electron microscope observations show that stacking faults with high density, twins and dislocations are found in silicon particles. The Si-Al interfaces are well-bonded and no interface reactants are found. The dislocations and eutectic silicon precipitates are observed in LD11 matrix. Sip/LD11 composite has low density of 2.4 g/cm3, low coefficient of thermal expansion of 8.1×10-6/K, high thermal conductivity of 161.3 W/, and the annealing treatment can reduce the CTE and improve the thermal conductivity.

研究结果表明：复合材料组织致密，颗粒分布均匀；透射电镜观察发现，在Si颗粒内部存在高密度的层错，同时还存在孪晶和位错； Si-Al界面结合状况良好，无界面反应物； LD11铝合金中存在位错和析出的共晶Si；复合材料具有低密度(2.4 g/cm3)，低热膨胀系数(8.1×10-6/K)，高热导率161.3 W/(m·K的特性，可以通过退火处理进一步降低其热膨胀系数，提高热导率。

Experiments show that all the electric performance meet the design requirements, and eminently show the merits of the twin-wire high-speed welding such as the stable welding process, perfect welding seam, little splash and small deformation.

试验表明，电源性能满足设计要求，高速焊接过程稳定、焊缝成形好、飞溅小、变形小。

But experiments show that not all the intensity of the neutral tone get weaker, just the energe of the neutral tone word s last part gets weaker than the ordinary word. Experiments also show, it is the voice-pitch and voice-length that make the neutral tone syllable indistinct.

关于轻声的声学性质，我们往往认为轻声是音强特别弱，有关实验结果表明，轻声的音强并不是全都减弱，但轻声词后字的能量毫无例外地都比普通&中重&格式的词的后字的能量减弱。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

The results show that the torsion energy and van der Waals interaction energy are the main types of energy and the substitution group has a great effect on the total energy of molecular. The aliphatic substitution would lead to the increase of total energy, while the aromatic substitution would lead to the decrease of total energy. The calculated results of bond length show that the bond length of aliphatic C—C is longer than that of aromatic C—C, which indicates that the rupture of aliphatic C—C is easier than that of aromatic C—C on heating.

研究结果表明，扭转能和范德华能是分子中的主要作用力，取代基对体系能量有明显影响，烷基取代基使体系能量增加，而苯基取代基使体系能量降低；脂肪C—C键长比芳香C—C键长长，说明脂肪C—C在受热过程中比芳香C—C更容易断裂分解。

Certainly, can"t what to deny is, nowadays the television variety show presenter from total come up to say that exist the not even present condition, but persistently the judgment can"t promote the variety show presenter"s character also, only seeking the wrong key sticking point place, is just sacred job of the theories researcher"s duty-bound to accept.

当然，不可否认的是，当今电视综艺节目主持人从总体上来说存在着参差不齐的现状，但一味地批判并不能提升综艺节目主持人的素质，只有找出问题的症结所在，才是理论研究者义不容辞的神圣职责。

This paper makes use of PID control, Fuzzy- PID control based on single parameter these two control strategies to simulate the systems model. Compared with common vehicle, the results of simulation show that the vehicle equipped with the electromagnetic power steering system has better yaw velocity frequency response characteristic under condition with step input of steering wheel, so it has more betterhandling stability; Compared with PID control strategy, the results show that the Fuzzy-PID control strategy has the advantages, such as response fast, stabilize itself quickly and less over-altitude.

本文使用了PID、单参数自整定Fuzzy-PID两种控制策略对系统模型进行控制，仿真结果表明：相对于普通汽车，装有电磁式助力转向系统的汽车在方向盘转角阶跃输入的情况下，汽车横摆角速度频率响应特性更好，因此具有更好的操纵稳定性；而相对于采用PID控制，采用单参数自整定Fuzzy-PID控制又可以使系统响应更迅速、超调量更小、稳定更快。

Experiments were carried out to verify the static model. Experimental results show that the experimental curve matched well with the simulated curve, and there was certain error between them (maximal static error is 0.035 rad). The error cause was analyzed. Then the experiments were carried out to measure the dynamic performances of the side-sway joint. Experimental results show that the step response time of the joint was about 2 s steady value's tolerance zone ?

完成了侧摆关节静态特性试验，试验结果与仿真曲线基本吻合，验证了静态模型的正确性，但存在一定误差（最大静态误差为0.035 rad），分析了误差原因；对侧摆关节进行了动态特性试验，试验结果表明对于不同的期望值角度阶跃信号，侧摆关节开环阶跃响应时间大约是2 s

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。