查询词典 shock waves

We then add boundaries delineated forward/backward facing reflected shock, Mechanical equilibrium, M2=1 and reflected shock strong/weak separating conditions on the (M0,q1) map of shih(2004). This is followed by systematically investigating multiply possible three shock theoretical solutions of steady Mach reflections in perfect triatomic gases. Pressure-deflection shock polar solutions are used to help illustrate different solution behaviors of these theoretical three-shock solutions. M0 is flow Mach no. upstream of incident shock, M1 is flow Mach no. downstream of incident shock, M2 is flow Mach no. downstream of reflected shock,q1 is flow deflection downstream of incident shock.

随后本文由石(2004)论文中加入前后分界、机械平衡、M2=1及强弱分界条件，然后有系统地探讨三原子分子理想气体(r=1.2857 )稳态马赫反射参震波理论多重解之交点及其对应之压力-转折角震波极图解，并建构出此三原子分子理想气体稳态马赫反射流场三震波十阶多项式理论解於(Mo，q1)平面上之解域图，其中M0为入射震波上游流场马赫数，M1为入射震波下游流场马赫数，M2为入射震波下游流场马赫数，q1为入射震波下游流场转折角。

Ride the wind and waves; brave winds and waves; cut through the wind and waves on one's way towards; ride on the crest of the waves; ride on the wind; ride the waves forward; ride the winds and break the waves; ride the wind and cleave the waves; sail through wind and waves

成语乘：趁着。趁着顺风；破浪前进。比喻志向远大；气魄雄伟；不怕困难；奋勇前进；多含施展远大抱负之意。也作"乘长风破万里浪"、"长风破浪"。例句我们各族人民；在中国共产党的领导下～；坚定不移地建设四个现代化。

The spectrum analysis shows that ① Infrasonic waves produced by meteor are mostly very short, lasting one to five minutes;②Periods of the infrasonic waves range mostly from 40 to 408 seconds, and a few waves range from 40 to 480 seconds;③ During 7:21 p.m. to 8:41 p.m. on Nov. 17, the infrasonic waves were much denser. After 8:41 p.m., the waves become more and more sparse, all waves conform to those observed with naked eyes;④ Amplitudes of infrasonic waves from meteor differ significantly from each other (weaker ones below 5 to 10 Pa, medium ones from 10 to 20 Pa, and stronger ones from 20 to 40 Pa). Two of the strongest ones reach 75 Pa and 50 Pa respectively around 7:28 p.m. and 8:07 p.m. on Nov. 17. An explanation of above results is given.

频谱分析结果表明：①各流星产生的次声波大都很短暂，持续时间为1~5min；②流星次声波的周期大都在40~408s；③在1998年11月17日19：21-20：41期间流星次声波仍很密集，20：41后才变得越来越稀疏，恰与肉眼观测结果相符；④流星次声波的振幅彼此相差很大，较弱的在5~10Pa，中等的在10~20Pa，较强的在20~40Pa，最强的两个波在11月17日19：28和20：07前后分别达到75Pa和50Pa。

The quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock consists of foot, ramp and a series of overshoots and undershoots, after travelling back upstream for a short distance, the reflected protons gyrate back into the downstream where an temperature anisotropy is formed due to an anisotropy of velocity distribution, then excite Alfvén ion cyclotron waves and mirror waves that dissipate the kinetic energy into heat; At quasi-parallel collisionless shocks, the reflected protons can travel far upstream, and lead to the generation of ion beam instabilities which excite large-amplitude right-hand polarized ultralow-frequency resonant waves whose frequencies are are about〓 These waves are convected back downstream by solar wind and gradually merge to form the downstream state, in the meantime new waves are generated continuously in the upstream, this process where ULF waves are generated and merge into downstream state is cyclical.

准垂直无碰撞激波系由根部、斜坡区以及一系列的低冲和过插组成，被激波反射的质子向激波上游运动很短的距离就在回旋作用下再次向下游运动，和激波发生相互作用以后进入激波的下游，在激波的下游引起质子速度分布的各向异性，进而引起激波下游温度的各向异性，激发起Alfvén离子回旋波和镜波，将激波上游的动能耗散成激波下游的热能；在准平行无碰撞激波(θ〓＝10°)情况下，这部分质子能向激波上游运动很大一段距离，并在激波的上游激发起束流不稳定性，引起大振幅的低频波动。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Experimental investigation indicates that shock wave velocity and shock wave pressure of beginning which were produced with aluminize RHTL were smaller than that of insensitive RDX in steel plate, however, attenuating velocity of shock wave velocity and shock wave pressure which were produced under contact explosion with aluminize RHTL were quciker than that of insensitive RDX in steel plate, when steel- plate had been separately operated under contact explosion with insensitive RDX and aluminize RHTL, and shock wave press had changed suddenly in the interface between steel and aluminum, In the circumstances, the shock wave velocity had ascended suddenly and shock wave pressure had descended suddenly.

实验研究表明：RHTL炸药爆炸加载钢板下，介质中的冲击波初始速度和初始压力相对RDX较小，衰减相对较快；钝化RDX和含铝炸药RHTL分别作用于钢铝复合板时，在分界面处冲击波速度和压力都发生突越，冲击波速度突跃，冲击波压力突降。

The results are verified from deep to extremely shallow water conditions. The shoaling waves, standing waves, 3D disturbance waves, tidal waves and solitude waves are simulated and verified,and waves over an underwater bar,the diffraction near single breakwater, breakwater gap, offshore breakwater, Breakhoff experiment are taken into account in this model. Furthermore, the wave harbor resonance under special topography, and "Bragg" resonance are simulated. The wave refraction problem under current fields,the nonlinear wave refraction-diffraction under "Arthur" current field, and the wave propagation under slowly varying current field are studied. The favorable calibrations show the model's feasibility in dealing with the wave nonlinearity and simulation in both deep and shallow water.

论文对深水至极浅水非线性波进行了较全面的验证，计算模拟了波浪浅化、立波、三维干涉波、潮波、孤立波以及波浪越过潜堤、单突堤绕射、双突堤绕射、岛式堤、Berkhoff实验和多连通水域波浪传播等问题，还对特殊地形条件下波浪发生港湾共振、布拉格共振进行了仿真；论文研究了水流中波浪传播折射变形问题，Arthur流场上非线性折射-绕射、水位缓变的转向潮流中波浪传播等缓变水流中波浪问题，各类问题的较好解决验证和表明了本文模式与方法具有适用于深浅水的可计算性与非线性。

I Tuopu shock absorber plant for Wuxi Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang City-Long damper Limited, Jiangxi long value Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi Hua shock absorber Ltd., Wuxi Rongchang Power Machinery Co., Ltd., Wuxi Che-hung acoustic shock absorber Ltd., Shun-machine factory in Wuxi, Wuxi Zhenhua Motorcycle Co., Ltd. in Wuxi San shock absorber, Wuxi St. Di shock absorber Ltd., Wuxi Jiangnan shock absorber Ltd., Nanyang in Henan Mopei, Haimen Warwick Machinery Co., Ltd. supporting services, and year after year on their superior quality of supporting companies

我厂为无锡拓普减震器有限公司、张家港市振龙减震器有限公司、江西长衡科技有限公司、无锡华胜减震器有限公司、无锡荣昌电力机械有限公司、无锡鸿声减震器有限公司、无锡惠顺机械厂、无锡振华机车有限公司、无锡国圣减震器有限公司、无锡圣迪减震器有限公司、无锡江南减震器有限公司、河南南阳摩配、海门华威机械有限公司配套服务，并连年评它们的质量优胜配套公司

The above multiple changes will produce 2 kinds of waves, Matter waves and mechanical waves that spread at the same time. Because the electromagnetic wave is a matter wave, it is the medium. Since the multiple exchanges of the electrons state can be regarded as electrical vibration, and the vibrated electrons have magnetic fields and electrical fields at the same time, the electromagnetic wave will be produced. Then, because the electron itself is a matter micro particle, it can produce mechanical waves which can propagate outside with electrical magnetic waves.

这种状态改变的多次往复，就会产生两种波，一种物质波，即电磁波；一种机械波，并且这种机械波是以同次产生的电磁波为媒质进行传播的，，这是因为本种状态的多次往复，可以看作是一种电子振动，振动的电子同时具有磁场和电场，所以能够产生电磁波，又因为电子本身是一个物质微粒所以他能够产生机械波，并且是横波，并随电磁波进行向外传播。

The physical characteristics of various hyperbolic waves in Eular system are analysed. The shock physical characteristics and the conditions of forming the shocklet are discussed, detailedly. We are clear about the mechanism of shocklet excited by continuous waves.The physical mechanism of TS waves and the relation between shocklets and TS waves are studed in a systematic way.

从理论上分析了Eular系统中各种双曲波的物理性质，详细讨论了激波的物理特性和与产生激波的条件，明确了通过连续波动诱发激波物理机理，系统研究了TS波的在可压与不可压流动中的物理特性以及与激波的联系，分析了粘性对激波形成的影响。4。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。