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By means of the FEM, this paper analyzes in detail the stress and strain distribution in sheet metal and its varying tendency of thickness and height during cup hydrodynamic deep drawing, and sums up the roles of soft bead and cavity pressure contribution on sheet metal forming.

研究和分析了在不同成形条件下板料内部应力应变的分布、厚度的变化趋势等，总结出软拉深筋和充液室液体压力对提高板料成形极限的作用。

Through building the FSW heat source model of 4 mm sheet 7075 aluminum alloy, the thermo-mechanical numerical analysis for the temperature field and stress-strain field in the process of FSW was carried out using ANSYS, the distribution of the temperature field and surface residual stress of the sheet aluminum alloy FSW was interpreted.

本文通过建立4 mm薄板7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热源模型，利用ANSYS对搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的温度场和应力应变场进行热机耦合数值分析，解释了薄板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的温度场和表面残余应力的分布。

Based on Hill' elastic-plastic instability theory,the velocity field for sheet instability which is caused by the shear stress during sheet metal forming is developed,and the theoretical formula of the wrinkling critical shear stress is proposed.

以Hill关于弹塑性失稳理论为基础，建立了剪应力起皱失稳的速度场分布，给出了临界起皱剪应力理论计算结果，分析了板料屈服强度、硬化指数、板厚方向性指数及板料厚度对临界剪应力的影响，并与实验和数值模拟结果进行了对比。

As one of key problems urgent to be resolved in the fields of mechanics, material science and sheet metal forming, constructing reasonable yield criterion, work-hardening law and stress-strain relationship is very important for predicting distribution of stress and strain in sheet metal forming, as well as for improving FEA simulation precision and resolving engineering problems.

各向异性板料的屈服准则、塑性变形强化规律以及应力应变关系的合理建立，对于准确预测板料成形过程中应力应变分布，提高板料成形有限元模拟精度，以及精确解析板料成形工程问题等方面具有重要的意义，这一基础性的研究一直是力学界、材料界、板料成形领域致力研究的关键问题。

The inefficiency problem during cold rolling of titanium sheet without tension exerted on it was investigated. The state equation of stress of titanium sheet under tensional effect is deduced on the basis of Hill's anisotropic yield criterion in combination with the anisotropic characteristics of titanium s mechanical properties.

针对钛板在无张力条件下冷轧效率低下的问题，首先结合钛材力学性能各向异性的特点，以Hill异性屈服准则为基础，推导出钛板在张力冷轧下的应力状态方程，从而在理论上阐明，钛板在张力条件下进行冷轧的可行性主要取决于其塑性变形条件及其所处的应力状态。

The reasonable choice of material, proper solution of thermal expansion problem with tube sheet stress analysis and reasonable structure design must be considerable in the design of tube sheet type methanol synthesis converter.

管壳式甲醇合成塔的设计必须重视合理选材，解决好热膨胀问题与管板应力分析，及结构合理设计。

The effect of punch virtual velocity and sheet virtual density on the sheet strain energy was studied in this paper.

从理论上分析了凸模虚拟速度和板料虚拟密度对薄板变形能的影响。

The grid based measurement of the distribution of in-plane principal strain and thickness variation of sheet metal stamped parts after drawing process is an effective way to perform sheet forming analysis.

基于网格测量板料冲压零件拉延成形的面内应变分布和厚度变化，是进行冲压成形分析的一种有效手段。

Laser bending is a forming technology which makes use of a thermal stress and thermal strain to achieve sheet metal bending in recent year, and it needs no die and external force. The laser beam energy has good controllability. Laser technology is used in forming of magnesium alloy sheet, this can full play the unique advantages of the technology.

激光弯曲成形是一种利用热应力来实现板材成形的技术，激光弯曲成形不需模具和外力，且激光束能量集中具有良好的可控性，将激光成形技术用于镁合金板材成形，可以充分发挥该技术的独特优势。

On the experimental device of metallic membrane bulging, the measuring of in-plane true strain, transverse plastic strain at the pole of sheet, and the contour shape of sheet can be done. So that the relationship between true stress and true strain in the all deformation range of metallic sheets can thus be built up. Furthermore, the changing pattern of elasto-plastic and plastic Poisson's ratio can also be obtained.

在平膜鼓胀装置上，通过测量膜片极顶的面内真应变和横向塑性应变以及膜片的轮廓形状，并计人泊松比随变形过程发生的变化，可建立二向应力状态下箔材从弹性经塑性至破裂的整个变形范围内真应力和真应变的关系，同时还可以得到弹塑性泊松比和塑性泊松比的变化规律。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。