查询词典 shearing strain

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

By using TCN—AN numerical torsion testing machine, the torque of Cast Iron Materials under pure shearing is measured, and its strain is also measured through XL2101B2 static strain meter, adopting method of whole bridge connection. Based on the above experiment equipments and all the measurement results, method of torsion of circular shaft is designed to measure Elastic Modulus of Cast Iron Materials.

通过 TCN—AN数控扭转试验机测量处于纯剪切状态下铸铁试件的扭矩，采用全桥接线法，使用XL2101B2静态应变仪测量铸铁试件的应变，基于以上两种实验仪器及其测量的结果，发展了圆轴扭转法来测量铸铁材料的弹性模量。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

According to the results of triaxial compression test, the relationship of cement soil mixed with or without glass fiber concerning stress and strain in different ages and confining pressures was analyzed. Meanwhile, some parameters of cement soil mixed with glass fiber, such as shearing strength parameter, modulus of deformation and relationship between compression strength and deformation modulus were obtained.

根据玻璃纤维-水泥土的三轴压缩试验结果，分析了其在不同围压与龄期下的应力-应变关系，并得到玻璃纤维-水泥土的剪切强度参数、变形模量E50及变形模量与抗压强度qu的关系。

Based on the generalized potential variational principle of nonlinear elasticity theory with large deflection, the incomplete generalized potential energy functional with large deflection is established on the space coupling free vibration of collaborated system structure by considering the effect of axial compressive and shearing strain energy of stiffening girder.

摘要基于大位移非线性弹性理论的广义变分原理，考虑加劲梁轴向压缩应变能和剪切应变能的影响，建立了协作体系斜拉桥空间耦合自由振动的大位移不完全广义势能泛函，通过约束变分导出了协作体系斜拉桥的加劲主梁竖向挠曲振动微分方程。

Based on the generalized potential energy variational principle of nonlinear elasticity theory with large deflection,the incomplete generalized potential energy functional is established on the space coupling free vibration of three-span self-anchored suspension bridge by considering the effect of coupling of flexural and axial action,and shearing strain energy of stifening girder.

摘 要：基于大位移非线性弹性理论的广义变分厚理，考虑了加劲梁的压弯耦合和剪切应变能的影响，建立了三跨自锚式悬索桥空间耦合自由振动的大位移不完全广义势能泛函，通过约束变分导出了自锚式悬索桥的竖向挠曲振动、横向挠曲振动和纵向振动的基础微分方程，忽略非线性项的影响，进而得到线性振动微分方程。

Employing the Hopkinson torsion-tension combination bar system, the constitutive relations of soft aluminum under torsion-tension combined high strain—rate was obtained, The constitutive relations of Monel alloy under Dual—direction shearing high strain—rate was also investigated after special modification of above apparatus.

本文还利用分离式扭—拉复台霍布金森杆设备测试软铝在高应变率扭—拉复合载荷作用下的本构关系，并将该设备经特殊改装测试了蒙纳尔合金在高应变率双向剪切下的力学特性，目前也尚未见这方面的公开资料。

Based on the generalized potential energy variational principal of nonlinear elasticity theory with large deflection, the incomplete generalized potential energy functional with large deflection is established on the space coupling free vibration of three-span self-anchored suspension bridge by considering the effect of axial compressive and shearing strain energy of stiffening girder.

摘 要：摘要：基于大位移非线性弹性理论的广义变分原理，考虑了加劲梁轴向压缩应变能和剪切应变能的影响，建立了三跨自锚式悬索桥空间耦合自由振动的大位移不完全广义势能泛函，通过约束变分导出了自锚式悬索桥的竖向挠曲振动、横向挠曲振动、纵向振动及扭转振动的基础微分方程，为自锚式悬索桥的固有振动性状分析提供可靠的理论依据。

Be an apparatus's turn to be OK to fight against shearing force , curved strain , axle centre strain and torque force produced by thigh-bone neck fracture only with one nail, the biomechanics the Shanghai University biomechanics project research institute has been carried out for this purpose tests , the various index inner without exception better than now having at present fixes an apparatus.

该器械仅用一根钉即可抵抗股骨颈骨折所产生的剪力、弯应力、轴心应力和扭力，上海大学生物力学工程研究所为此进行了生物力学测试，各项指标均优于目前现有的内固定器械。

In this paper, the baroclinic pole in baroclinic theory is supposed to be membrane-element subjected to shearing stress and normal stress in plain section. With the help of truss model, it meets the equation of two-dimension stress, Moire's strain corresponding equation and double-axis intenerate strain-stress relationship of concrete. It describes the load-behavior and working property of reinforced concrete combined torsion members in the whole load-deformation process.

本文将斜压场理论中的斜压杆表达成在平面内承受剪应力和正应力的钢筋混凝土薄膜元，借助桁架模型，满足二维应力平衡条件、莫尔应变协调条件和混凝土的双轴软化本构关系，揭示钢筋混凝土复合受力构件在受力-变形全过程中受力行为和工作性能，为研究复合受扭构件的变形行为打下了坚实的基础。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。