查询词典 shear strain

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

Such a diagram will show a definite straight-line portionin which the shearing stress is directly proportional to the shearing strain, Like the normal stress-strain ratio, the ratio of the two shear quantities, is known as the modulus rigidity or shear modulus of elasticity.

这个图表中的直线部分明确表示出剪切应力与其产生的相应的剪切应变。象常规的应力应变比值一样，此两者剪切量之间的比值，被称为弹性剪切模量或者硬度系数。

Similarly, if the strong shear, which could suppress all the scattering in the quiescent two phase region, stopped, the follow-up phase separation also displayed characteristics of anisotropism and relaxation, In this dissertation, the transposed"butterfly'and"streakpattern were observed for the first time within the shear-history-influenced phase separation, which is found closely relevant to the anisotropical relaxation behavior of macromolecules. 5. The phase separation kinetics of PS/PVME under oscillatory shear was further studied on the base of that done under simple shear. It is found that, under specific temperature and strain amplitude, the occurrence of phase separation is strongly contingent on oscillatory frequency and only intermediate frequency could effectively induce phase separation; If all considered oscillatory shear could stimulate phase separation, a fixed frequency can maintain specific most probable phase size and higher frequency yields smaller phase, which makes a higher elasticity but weaker stress relaxation; Furthermore, higher frequency can produces stronger compulsory oscillation on the MPPS but won't change the mean of the MPPS. Under given frequency and strain amplitude, the phase separation kinetics dramatically depends on the phase angle of oscillation and the phase separation corresponding to different phase angle follows different dynamical process.

在简单剪切场下相分离动力学研究的基础上进一步对振动剪切场下PS／PVME的相分离动力力学进行了尝试性的研究，发现：在一定温度和振幅条件下，相分离的发生强烈的依赖于振动频率，只有中等频率的振动剪切才能有效地促进相分离的发生；在都能使相分离发生的前提下，一定频率的剪切能够使体系维持一定的最可几相尺寸，较高频率的剪切导致体系形成的相区尺寸较小，因而体系的弹性效应较强而应力松弛效应较弱；同时，更高频率的剪切对最可几相尺寸的强迫振动效应越强，但不会使最可几相尺寸的平均值发生改变；在一定的振幅和频率条件下，相分离的动力学过程会强烈地依赖于相位角，不同相位角对应的相分离遵循不同的动力学过程但机理一样。

Taking the remolded soil after K 0consolidation and the samples under special stress state by special stress path as the objects, the effect of stress path circumgyration on shear modulus and the trend of shear modulus along with strain under condition of small strain are studied.

以重塑土经K0固结形成的试样以及经K0固结后通过特殊应力路径达到特定应力状态的试样为对象，研究了在小应变范围内应力路径旋转对土体剪切模量的影响以及剪切模量随应变变化的趋势。

Finite strain measures and kinematic vorticity analysis of deformed granite in mylonitic zone show that ductile shear zone is between plane strain and constraint strain and belongs to lengthening-thinning shear zone. Sub-striking stretch lineation in ductile shear zone and dip strea on brittle fault surface are not result of transferring of lineation but production of different deformations.

糜棱岩带变形花岗岩的有限应变测量和运动学涡度分析显示剪切带总体应变为介于平面应变与拉长应变之间的类型，属一般加长-减薄剪切带；断层系中近走向线理和倾向擦痕不是线理转化的结果，而是不同阶段变形的产物。

During the non-isothermal crystallization, compared with common PE, the cooling rate had less impact on the crystallization rate of mPE. Second, the sensitivity of the melt viscosity of mPE to the shear rate was poor, and the introduction of long chain branches onto the molecular structure of mPE could improve the dependence of their melt viscosity on both shear rate and temperature. In the extensional rheometric tests, the occurrence of phenomena of'strain hardening' relied on the structure of linear long chains, and mPE didn't show the behavior of'strain hardening', which implied that the melt strength ofmPE was poor.

其中通过共聚方法在mPE分子中引入非线性长支链结构，对提高mPE熔体粘度对温度的依赖性作用较为明显，而对提高mPE熔体粘度对剪切速率的依赖性以及对提高mPE熔体强度作用较弱；采用共混方法在mPE体系中引入线性长支链结构，则对提高mPE熔体粘度对剪切速率的依赖性以及提高mPE的熔体强度的作用较为明显，而对于提高mPE熔体粘度对温度的依赖性作用相对较弱。

In this modified model, the effect of the stress concentration on the end stress in the fiber end region is considered, the average matrix strain is used to substitute for the so-called far field strain in the previous shear lag model. The change of the deformation states from elasticity to plasticity is considered and the interfacial shear stress and fiber axial stress are derived.

修正的模型合理考虑了纤维根区域应力集中对根应力的影响；用基体平均应变代替了经典剪切滞后模型中的远场应变；考虑了基体变形状态从弹性到塑性的变化，给出了塑性区上的表面剪切应力和纤维轴向应力的表达式。

The shear strain distributions over the cross-sectionand the forms of damage of bending beams were obtained.

本文用高灵敏度云纹干涉法对CALL混杂复合材料在纤维方向和垂直于纤维方向的弯曲及破坏特性进行了实验研究，得到了弯曲试件横截面上的剪应变分布规律及破坏形式。

The results show that the formation of the shear band is characterized with both strain localization and the localization of the averaged pure rotation ratio. The shear band starts right at the point where the volume strain changes from shrinkage to expansion. The development of these variables are significantly different within or outside of the shear band. Particularly, the stress-strain softening relationship was observed near or within the shear band, while the hysteretic phenomenon takes place outside the shear band. In addition, both the volumetric and deviatoric strains are larger inside than outside the shear band, with the soil being looser in the shear band.

研究表明：砂土剪切带的形成过程即为试样内部应变局部化过程，也为试样内部平均转动率(averaged pure rotation rate， APR)的局部化；剪切带开始形成点也为试样剪缩、剪胀分界点；剪切带内外各宏微观参数变化规律上存在明显的差异，主要表现为近剪切带位置土体及带内土表现为应变软化现象，而距带中心较远土体应力应变关系曲线出现'回滞圈'现象；带内变形量明显大于带外，且带内较带外松散。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。