查询词典 shear modulus

Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.

角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。

At the same time, under the condition of small strain, firstly, the secant shear modulus was always larger than the tangent shear modulus. Secondly, when the logarithmic coordinates were applied to describe shear strain, the decrease of shear modulus with shear strain could be expressed by reversed S shape curve with two inflexion points, and through analyzing and validating, the deduced equation could perfectly reflect this characteristic. Finally, different stress paths and strain areas would lead to different attenuation trends.

而且，在小应变范围内，割线剪切模量总是大于切线剪切模量；当剪切应变采用对数坐标表示时，剪切模量随着剪切应变的增加而衰减，且衰减的规律都可以表示为带有两个拐点的反S型曲线，经分析验证本文所得公式3可以对此特性进行很好地反映；但应力路径、应变范围不同其衰减幅度不同。

The rheological character of a polymer often appears as shear-thinning. Most polymers behaviour in a solution can be explained by the polymer chain or hard sphere theory. Other than that, shear-thickening polymer solution also exists. Its behavior can be explained by dilatant theory, which suggests that the shear-thickening of the solution is due to the swelling of the polymer particles. This phenomenon often occurs in suspension or emulsion. Solution exhibits a mixed behavior can also be found whose behavior is such that shear-thinning occurs under low shear force and shear-thickening occurs under high shear force. Under this circumstance, the viscosity versus shear force graph exhibits a spoon shaped curve. The rheological study can be applied to the dispersion of paint which can predict the dispersion effect of various polymer materials in solution.

中文摘要一般高分子聚合物溶液的流变行为多半呈现剪稀(shear-thinning)的现象，而大部分的高分子在溶液中的行为是以分子链或是硬球观点来解释，另外也有剪稠(shear-thickening)现象的高分子溶液，其流变行为则是以膨胀体观点来解释，即在高剪切力下，由於高分子团体积变大而使溶液黏度升高，这在悬伏液、乳液等常见；但也有在低剪切力下，溶液具有剪稀的行为，而在高剪切力下却成现剪稠的行为，在黏度对剪切力作图时，会呈现出一个勾形曲线的图形；流变行为的探讨可应用在涂布材料的分散技术上，以推测不同的高分子溶液对分散效果的影响。

According to the change regularity of deformation modulus, combining with the rock mass structure characteristic of region studied, using interpolation method, the deformation modulus of rock mass in 36# adit can be deduced. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 0-70 zone is 39Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 51. 3GPa in nature stress state and 50.8GPa in engineering load state. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 70-140 zone is 32. 2Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 41GPa in nature stress state and 42. 6GPa in engineering load state. It will be a good reference of engineering design and evaluation.

9根据节理岩体变形模量变化规律，结合研究区岩体的结构特点，采用插值的方法对36号平硐岩体进行变形模量的推测，得到0-70段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为39GPa，水平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为51.3GPa，工程荷载作用下为50.8GPa；70-140段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为32.2GPa，平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为41GPa，工程荷载作用下为42.6GPa，这为工程设计、评程设计、评价等提供了必要的参考。

The results show that the formation of the shear band is characterized with both strain localization and the localization of the averaged pure rotation ratio. The shear band starts right at the point where the volume strain changes from shrinkage to expansion. The development of these variables are significantly different within or outside of the shear band. Particularly, the stress-strain softening relationship was observed near or within the shear band, while the hysteretic phenomenon takes place outside the shear band. In addition, both the volumetric and deviatoric strains are larger inside than outside the shear band, with the soil being looser in the shear band.

研究表明：砂土剪切带的形成过程即为试样内部应变局部化过程，也为试样内部平均转动率(averaged pure rotation rate， APR)的局部化；剪切带开始形成点也为试样剪缩、剪胀分界点；剪切带内外各宏微观参数变化规律上存在明显的差异，主要表现为近剪切带位置土体及带内土表现为应变软化现象，而距带中心较远土体应力应变关系曲线出现'回滞圈'现象；带内变形量明显大于带外，且带内较带外松散。

According to the double-axis experiment and the uniaxial tension experiment, shear relaxation modulus and bulk relaxation modulus are obtained. Fractional exponent models[23][24][25] are applied to shear relaxation modulus and bulk relaxation modulus. The theory is proved by constant amplitude cyclic strain experiment. Better results are obtained from the comparison of theory curves and experiment results.

通过双轴拉压实验来确定材料的切变松弛模量，单轴拉伸实验来确定材料的体变松弛模量，对这两种模量均采用分数阶指数的形式来进行拟合，再用等应变幅循环历史的实验验证了理论，得到了较好的结果。

The shear modulus or modulus of rigidity describes an object's tendency to shear (the deformation of shape at constant volume) when acted upon by opposing forces; it is defined as shear stress over shear strain.

剪切模量或刚度模量，描述了一个物体在反力作用下的受剪切程度；它被定义为剪切应变下的剪切应力。

Research also provides a finite element method for the study of masonry walls seismic behavior. Firstly, through the stone-dust mortar compressive experiment, pressure experiment, blocks bending experiment, water blocks experiment, 3 slabs shear experiment, diagonal loading experiment and the compression experiment, the values of compressive strength, bending strength, average water weight are obtained. Then the shear breakage of the masonry, behavior of shear stressτvaring withσ, load-displacement curves, ladder-shaped slit shear strength, shear strength of links linking, compressive strength and elastic modulus are also presented.

首先通过石头粉砂浆抗压试验、砖块压力试验、砖块抗折试验、三砖抗剪试验、对角加载试验、短柱的承压试验等测得了石头粉砂浆的抗压强度，砖块的抗压强度，砖块的抗弯强度，以及砌体剪切破坏形态、剪应力τ随正应力σ的变化规律、砌体对角压墙片的载荷-位移关系曲线、阶梯形缝抗剪强度及通缝抗剪强度和弹性模量。

Results of analysis show that Generalized Paris Law can consider the complex crack propagation in the material of the pavement structure. The fatigue life of the pavement increases with increasing thickness of surface layer in a power function. Use of a thicker surface layer may extend the service life of the asphalt pavement. The fatigue life increases with decreasing modulus of surface layer in a power function with a negative exponent. However, since reduced modulus would scarify the structural strength and might cause rutting-related distress, caution should be taken when using low modulus materials for improving fatigue performance of asphalt pavements. The fatigue life increases with increasing modulus of base material in a power function. However, the fatigue life can not infinitely increases with increasing modulus of the base.

计算与分析表明：广义Paris公式可以考虑沥青路面结构内材料复杂的裂缝扩展：沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层厚度的增加以幂函数的形式增加，适当增加沥青面层厚度可以提高路面的使用寿命；沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着面层材料模量的降低以负指数的幂函数形式增加；由于材料模量的降低将牺牲路面的整体强度并可能引起路面车辙类损坏，以此提高疲劳寿命的方法应慎重对待；沥青面层的疲劳寿命随着基层材料模量的增加呈幂函数的形式增加，但由疲劳方程可以看出，寿命并不是随基层材料模量的增加而无限的增加，疲劳曲线在经过一个上升段后，逐渐趋于一个常数值，这说明，这时基层模量对寿命已不作关键性贡献；随着底基层厚度的增加，面层的疲劳寿命近似地呈线性函数增加，但效果并不很明显。

Changing formula forms of single-shear, twin-shear and three-shear yield strength criteria, show that many of yield strength criteria of rock and soil materials can be expressed by the τ8 = gf function forms unter the ordinary condition, and that the main differ ences of yield strength value will mainly forcus on the different function forms of gθσ among single-shear, twin-shear and three-shear yield strength criteria.

对岩土体常用的单剪屈服强度准则、双剪屈服强度准则和三剪屈服强度准则进行了系统的论述，通过对单剪、双剪和三剪屈服强度准则进行转化，指出岩土的屈服强度准则一般可表达为τ8=gf的函数形式，阐明了单剪、双剪和三剪屈服强度准则的差异主要表现在g函数的不同，并进一步解释了中间主应力σ2对岩土类材料屈服强度的影响。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。