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The different points of views, transverse section, plane and volume changes are considered. The results show that the evolution of the Xinqiao Channel has experienced three stages: in 1861~1926 ,the Xinqiao Channel area had been eroded at first and then silted; the Xinqiao Channel is formed during 1926~1958 with the channel experiencing persistence erosion; from 1958 to 2002, the total volume of the Xinqiao Channel keeps stable with the volume of 5.02×108m^3. The pattern of 10m contour has shaped to a certainty in 1926 and 5m contour of the upper and lower parts of Biandansha has been joined. The change of sections of the Xinqiao Channel reflects its thalweg movement to the North Bank 1.1~2.8 km, its shape changes from "U" shape to "V" shape and its depth has been deepened.

计算结果显示在所研究的区域内自1861年以来新桥水道冲淤过程明显被分为三个阶段：1861~1926年的66a间新桥水道区域经过一段时间的冲刷后又重新产生淤积，总容积变化不大；1926~1958年的33a间新桥水道在不断的冲刷中总容积由2.603亿立方公尺增长到5.076亿立方公尺；1958年至今的45a时间里水道容积基本保持在平均5.02亿立方公尺。1926年新桥水道10m等深线已经形成一定的格局，1947年5m等深线向上延伸，扁担沙已经不再与崇明岛相连；1958年上下扁担沙的5m等深线基本连成一体，可以认为此时新桥水道已经形成。

The shape memory effect of poly{2,5-bis[(4-butoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]-styrenes} fiber was studied by TA-Q800 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. According to the research results, the outstanding shape recovery ability of PBPCS fiber was found. The recovery rate was fastest above 145℃. It cost about 9 minutes recovering from 400% strain to origin length. The repeatability of shape memory was good in 5 repeated times.

本文采用TA-Q800动态热机械分析仪研究了聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二酯纤维的形变回复性能，发现PBPCS纤维具有非常好的形状记忆效应，在145℃及以上温度，形状回复速率最好，9min左右可以从400％的伸长回复到原来的尺寸，于145℃，重复实验5次，结果说明形变回复重复性好。

In the meanwhile, the TS characteristics of a scattering particle and their relationship are studied when it is passing through the scattering area, In addition to this, the distribution function of particles' shape is defenited in terms of math's method and a new method is putout of which the distribution of particles' shape is captured in according to the power spectrum and spectral distribution characterist of light scattering and finally, the utility of the perturbation ameliorating method and the effect of the particles' shape is modified, so far, the accuracy of measurement of the particles' size is improved effectively.

对此，本文在以Mie散射理论为原理，依据前向接收器接收的前向散射光信息以获取微粒大小信息的测量基础上，对微粒穿越光敏区时的时域与空域的特征以及相关性开展了研究，从数学上定义了微粒的形体分布函数，提出了一种依据光散射功率潜和频谱分布特征来获取微粒形体分布信息的方法，完善了微扰修正理论的应用性，有效地改善了形体的影响问题，从而可提高微粒粒度分布测量结果的准确性。

Wire electrode based on the trajectory of the different forms of control, WEDM can be divided into three types: one is shaped by the imitation controlled cutting in line in advance and work to create the same shape by mold, when processing the workpiece at the same time rough and on the mold clamping in the machine tool table, in the process of cutting wire electrode tightly against the mold on the edge of the track for the mobile, thus cutting out and die on the same shape and precision to the workpiece; another One is the electro-optical tracking control, to carry out the cutting line, before the basis of certain parts to enlarge the proportion of drawings depicts an electro-optical tracking map-processing machines will be placed in design stage of electro-optical tracking, tracking platform Photoelectric first line of graphics has always been to follow the track of the Mexican campaign, and then through the use of electrical, mechanical linkage to control the machine tool table, together with the workpiece so相似形wire electrode relative movement, thus cutting out the same shape and design to the workpiece; again a digital control, the use of advanced automatic control of digital technology-driven machine tool in accordance with the pre-processing parameters according to the workpiece geometry pre-processing procedures for the preparation of a good CNC auto-complete processing, the production does not require appearance on board the need to map to enlarge map of the previous two form of control has a higher machining accuracy and a broad range of applications, both at home and abroad more than 95% have adopted WEDM NC.

根据对电极丝运动轨迹的控制形式不同，电火花线切割机床又可分为三种：一种是靠模仿形控制，其在进行线切割加工前，预先制造出与工件形状相同的靠模，加工时把工件毛坯和靠模同时装夹在机床工作台上，在切割过程中电极丝紧紧地贴着靠模边缘作轨迹移动，从而切割出与靠模形状和精度相同的工件来；另一种是光电跟踪控制，其在进行线切割加工前，先根据零件图样按一定放大比例描绘出一张光电跟踪图，加工时将图样置于机床的光电跟踪台上，跟踪台上的光电头始终追随墨线图形的轨迹运动，再借助于电气、机械的联动，控制机床工作台连同工件相对电极丝做相似形的运动，从而切割出与图样形状相同的工件来；再一种是数字程序控制，采用先进的数字化自动控制技术，驱动机床按照加工前根据工件几何形状参数预先编制好的数控加工程序自动完成加工，不需要制作靠模样板也无需绘制放大图，比前面两种控制形式具有更高的加工精度和广阔的应用范围，目前国内外95%以上的电火花线切割机床都已采用数控化。切割属电加工范畴，是由前苏联人发明的，我国是第一个用于工业生产的国家，当时由复但大学和苏州长风机械厂合作生产的这是最早的机型叫复旦型，我们国内在此基础上发展了快走丝系统。欧美和日本发展了慢走系统LS

In this study, novel nanostructures of metal copper are discovered, including dendritic shape, wire shape and ribbon shape. Those were fabricated using galvanic displacement reaction on aluminum grid. We found that cetyltrimethylammonium chloride played an important role to affect the morphology of the products.

本论文的研究乃在於利用简易的贾凡尼置换反应，於溶液中添加十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(cetyltrimethylammonium chloride； CTAC)与HNO3以合成树状、线状与缎带状奈米铜。

We mainly refered to the one of those improved algorithms of Gerchberg-Saxton.With the computer simulation and drawing program, the simulated diffraction patterns were gotten in this paper, the results agreed with the anticipated diffraction patterns; in the paper we also design the computer optical elements that can shape the laser beam into a double circle shape,a lamp shape and so on.

同时，本文还用标量理论设计了把高斯光束整形为双圆斑形光束的计算机光学元件，文中主要是参考改进的GS(Gerchberg-Saxton)算法；通过计算机模拟，得到了计算机光学元件表面的相位浮雕图。

Results: The PreCS intersected the cerebral longitudinal fissure in the shape of "Y", and the detection rate of MRI was 8.33%; the PreCS intersected the superior frontal sulcus, the middle frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus in the shape of inverted "Y", and the detection rates of MRI were 90.00%, 3.33%, and 76.67%, respectively; the PreCS was not only parallel to central sulcus, hut also intersected the CS, and the detection rates of MRI were 83.33% and 16.67%, respectively; the PreCS intersected the lateral fissure in the shape of inclined "Y", and the detection rate of MRI was 80.00%; the PreCS was paralleT to the anterior ascending ramus of lateral fissure, and the detection rate of MM was 98.33%.

结果：大脑中央前沟与大脑纵裂呈&Y&形相交，MRI显示率为8.33%；大脑中央前沟与额上沟、额中沟及额下沟均呈倒&T&形相交，MRT显示率分别为90.00%、3.33%和76.67%；大脑中央前沟与中央沟有近似乎行排列和呈倒&Y&形相交2种情形，MRI显示率分别为90.00%、83.33%和16.67%；大脑中央前沟与中央沟有近似平行排列和呈倒&Y&形相交，MRI显示率为80.00%；大脑中央前沟与外侧裂前升支呈平行排列，MRI显示率为98.33%。

Frequency modulation ; magnetic rotation spectroscopy ; absorption line shape ; dispersion line shape.

频率调制；磁旋转光谱技术；吸收线型；色散线型

In the present paper, a new adjoint shape sensitivity analysis method for shape optimization of continuum structures is proposed.

新方法弥补了Arora等人所提出的形状优化灵敏度分析变分原理中的缺陷，为采用伴随法进行灵敏度分析提供了新的框架。

The specimens sintered under air atmosphere appear the obvious layering phenomenon, on the whole,and which can be divided into the surface protection layer, the center layer and the non-oxidized layer,SiAlON phase comes into being at about 1550℃,the crystal shape of them is columnar; The specimens sintered carbon reduction atmosphere have no obvious layering phenomenon, the formation temperature of SiAlON is about 1600℃, the crystal shape of them is acicular,fibriform or anomalous.

氧化气氛下，烧成的试样出现明显的分层现象，大致上可以分为表面保护层、中间层和非氧化层，SiAlON相的形成温度约在1550℃左右，多呈柱状；还原气氛下，试样无明显的分层现象，SiAlON相的形成温度约在1600℃左右，多呈针状、纤维状或不规则状。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。