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In recent years, with the growing concern on the antiphony of Tang dynasty, researchs began to pay attention to joint sentences poem. To my point of view, the reason of low achievement of poem-joint sentences is the insufficience of further study and the limitation of reserch range, particularly the joint sentence poem of Tang Dynasty lacks further reserch and integrate reserch system. So I determined to make the joint sentences poem of Tang Dynasty ( the 1st year of Gaozu Wude-the 4th year of Xuandi Tianyou ,year 618–year 907) to be the study subject of my thesis.

近年来随着对唐代唱和诗越来越多的关注，研究者们也开始留意唱和诗中一种特殊的形式——联句诗，但笔者所见之文章多因联句诗总体创作成就不高的原因，或笔墨过于节省，或泛泛而谈、不够深入，或者囿于点的探讨和积累，对联句诗特别是联句诗发展黄金期的唐代尚缺乏进一步详细地整理和系统研究，这一现状使我确定了以唐代(高祖武德元年618年——宣帝天佑四年907年)联句诗为本文的研究对象。

The modal adverb can be distributed in declarative, interrogative, exclamative and imperative sentences, It is usually distributed in declarative sentences but rarely in imperative and exclamatory sentences.

在"把"字句里，情态副词的位置表现得突出，就是此副词一定处在"把"字前面，而且在一般的情况下，在"把"字句里，"都"的情态意义弱化了，这是冈"把"字句的句式意义和"都"的总括意义的相关性而受到限制的。

The contrastive research is fully conducted from Chapter Four to Chapter Six. Chapter Four studies negation in English and in Chinese at the lexical level, which can be further divided into three sublevels, namely, morpheme, word, and phrase. Chapter Five studies negative sentences, explicit negative form at the syntacticlevel. And the study covers the classification, syntactic feature, nonassertive/assertive items, scope/focus of negation, two important tendencies, and some common special negative sentences. Chapter Six focuses on the implied negative sentences in English. According 10 devices employed to achieve negation, implied negative sentences are divided into four categories, namely, implied negative sentences by grammatical devices, by semantic devices, by rhetorical devices, and by pragmatic devices.

从第四章到第六章具体地展开了英汉否定对比研究：第四章的研究在词汇平面上进行，分为语素、词语和词组：第五章对比研究了在句子平面上英汉否定中的显式现象—否定句，主要涉及否定句句法特征和分类、句型转换、否定范围和否定焦点、全句否定和局部否定、转移否定、双重否定、部分否定和全部否定、强调否定和否定问句回答等方面；第六章集中研究了英语含蓄否定句，按照一个含蓄否定句采用何种手段实现意义上的否定进行一下分类，把含蓄否定句分为四类—通过语法手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过语义手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过修辞手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过语用手段实现的含蓄否定句。

Although our experiment dealt with the more suavity imperative sentence, the duration of these sentences is still confidently shorter that of statement sentence and question sentence When comparing the nucleus of all three types of sentences, in each type of sentence, the length of the nucleus is always the longest of the five syllables, making up about 30% of the total length for each sentence When comparing the auxiliary word at the end of the sentences, question auxiliary word"了"has a longer length than"吧/了"in imperative sentence, and"了"in statement sentence From this, we can draw a conclusion in Chinese, the duration of the syllable that appears at the end of sentence, is very much related to the type of sentence it is

从句子全长的对比看，祈使句的全长要比陈述句和疑问句短。虽然我们的实验语句属于口气比较委婉的祈使句，而这种祈使句的时长还是比陈述和疑问句大大缩短。三种句型的调核比较看，祈使句、陈述句和疑问句的调核音长在每个句型的5个音节中最长，占句子全长的大约百分之三十左右。从句末助词对比看，疑问句末助词"了"的音长跟祈使句"吧/了"和陈述句"了"的音长相比明显加长了。由此可见，在汉语中句末音节的时长与句型有密切相关，祈使句句末的语气助词的音长是属于短的。

However, this study discovers, after the investigation of "please" in the corpus of colloquial speech of London teenagers,"please" is combined with various syntactical structures such as imperative sentences, interrogative sentences with modal verbs, interrogative sentences with non-modal verbs, statements, and toneless clauses.

然而，对伦敦青少年口语语料库中含有"please"的语例进行分析后，发现："please"可以与多种不同句法结构连用－祈使句、情态动词疑问句、非情态动词疑问句、陈述句和无语气小句；含有"please"的话语虽然都带有不同程度的指令性效力，但不尽是请求。

Using sentences in Nature to classify sentences, it is discovered that the dominant sentences in number are the simple sentence in structure and next to it the one-clause sentence. The DSIN are featured by three phrases: verbal noun phrases and verbally derived noun phrases, the impersonal sentence, and V-ed, V-ing phrases.

采用语料分析的方法，研究Nature论文的句子类型，结果发现：论文的主流句是简单句占51%，带一个从句的句子占36%；Nature论文语言存在三大语言特征：频繁出现动作性名词和动词派生的名词话语形态、非自然关系句和由V-ed或V-ing构成的话语形态。

Chapter Four Semantic Analysis of Imperative Sentences in Zutangji (1) On the one hand, the positive and the negative imperative sentences are different in using verb. Selfness verb can be used in both kinds of sentences, while derogative can only be used in negative sentences.

第四章 《祖堂集》祈使句的语义分析（1）祈使句的肯定式和否定式对动词有着不同的语义选择，自主动词既可进入肯定式，也可进入否定式；非自主动词只能进入否定式，不能进入肯定式。

3The results of disambiguity experiments show that:①If speakers are given appreciatecontext,he/she will provide disambiguation information by prosody;②Listeners have ability tomake full use of this prosody to help comprehension to ambiguous sentences;③Thedisambiguation effects of prosody are different in different kinds of ambiguous sentences;④Thevariations of breaks in front of ambiguous syllable and behind it are the main methods in structuralambiguous sentences;⑤Disambiguating demonstrative ambiguous sentences the importantmeans is setting up accent on the corresponding noun,the fundamental acoustic correlate isduration lengthening of corresponding noun.

歧义实验结果表明，如果提供合适的语境，在发音过程中，人能够运用韵律手段提供解歧信息；而听者在理解话语时也能够有效利用这一信息，达到对歧义句语义解歧的目的。在对歧义句进行适当归类的基础上，发现韵律对不同类型歧义句解歧效果不一。对层次切分歧义句和指代歧义句的深入研究表明，歧义音节前后停顿时长的变化是消解层次切分歧义的最主要的手段；发音人消解指代歧义的基本手段是在所指名词上设置相应的重音，其最主要的声学相关物是所指名词时长的延长。

Many grammarians classify Chinese sentences into four groups (declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives and exclamatory sentences) by sentence mood in their works, but they do not explain and describe how we tell exclamatory sentences from non exclamatory sentences and what grammatical forms the exclamatory sentences have.

大部分的语法著作都只是根据语气把汉语的句子划分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，但都没有对如何判定感叹句、构成感叹句的语法形式是什么等问题进行明确的阐释和细致的描写。

Firstly, prosodic boundaries of 1991 common sentences were labeled based on speech perception experiment, relation between prosodic structure and syntactic structure was examined after immediate constituent analysis, an example of prosodic phrasing from text sentences was provided using CART. Then, using designed sentences, phenomena of downstep and declination in pitch downtrend of Chinese declarative sentences were examined, commonness and speciality of Chinese intonation were discussed.

中文摘要针对韵律短语切分问题，本研究首先基于语料库语言学的研究方法，对语料库中具有不同句法结构和韵律结构的1991个汉语常用句，进行了以语音感知为基础的韵律边界标注；对语料文本进行句法分析后，得到了各级韵律边界和句法边界的相互关系；并使用CART决策树对韵律短语边界进行了切分实验。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了