查询词典 sensing element

After heattreatment, the surfactant removal causes the formation of ZnO nanorod-bundle structures. In addition, the addition of F_(127) could improve their gas-sensing property.Fourthly, Zn-W-O nano-composite materials were fabricated by sol-gel and surface-coated methods, respectively, and their gas-sensing property to VOCs was discussed.

第四，本文分别采用sol-gel方法与表面修饰技术制备了Zn-W-O体系纳米复合材料并讨论了气敏性能。X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜以及气敏测试结果表明，采用这两种方法制备的Zn-W-O体系纳米复合材料中，均出现了具有白钨矿结构的高电阻的ZnWO_4相。

This fund item has carried out research on the current situation of various substances in urban fringe and historical space datum by such efficient space datum collecting technologies as radar, aviation remote sensing, spaceflight remote sensing, GPS and such processing technology as GIS. Monitoring its changing progress with remote sense technology and the space datum can be updated rapidly.

本基金项目利用雷达技术、航空遥感、航天遥感、GPS、GIS等多种高效率的空间数据采集和处理技术，对城市边缘区各种物质要素的现状和历史空间数据进行了研究；运用遥感技术跟踪其变化过程，进行空间数据的快速更新。

2 The measurement of temperature of solid propellant plume by remote sensing FTIR The infrared radiance spectra was obtained by remote sensing FTIR. The temperatures of four plumes of propellants and a infrared reagent were calculated according to the gas vibration rotation band fine structure such as CO, HF, H2O and HC1 in plume of solid rocket propellant. The results have a agreement with the theoretical data.

2.2 FTIR遥测固体推进剂羽流温度本文利用遥感FTIR测试技术测得了固体火箭推进剂羽流的红外辐射亮度分布图，并根据谱图中CO、HF、HZO、HCI四种气体振转谱带精细结构计算了推进剂羽流温度及红外辐射药剂的燃烧温度，计算结果与理论预测值基本一致。

In order to utilize the rich scale-dependent information contained in high resolution remote sensing images, the geo-science applications of remote sensing image and geographical information extraction must be carried out under multi-scale condition.

高分辨率遥感影像中丰富的空间结构信息和地理特征信息提取需要在多种不同的尺度下进行，而传统的基于像素光谱特征的影像分割和单尺度影像信息提取方法在这方面存在明显的缺陷。

With the advancement of remote sensing technology,many methods based on remote sensing have been developed to calculate regional evapotranspiration.

随着遥感技术的进步，人们发展了多种通过遥感计算区域蒸散发的方法。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Shadow effect can not be neglected for thermal analysis of spacecraft,Accroding to the angle between solar light and antenna orbit plane and its orbit location,analytical geometry method was used for accurately calculating solar radiation heat flux distribution of reflector surfaces.To analyze the temperature field under heat flux,the formulations of net radiation flux density between two gray elements and the net flux density of gray surface under external thermal flux were deduced.Based on the characteristic of space environment,the nonlinear temperature distribution in transverse direction of reflector shell self radiation were considered,the finite element formulations were given for orthogonal material layered shell by Galerkin method.A layered element including a inner heat source layer was proposed,and the finite element formulation expressed by DOF of the inner heat source layer were put forward with temperature and heat flux boundarys between adjacent layer.

单馈反射面赋形天线是未来星载天线发展的一个重要形式，分析了基于物理光学、几何光学和几何绕射理论的理想反射面辐射场；介绍了基于几何光学的反射面天线赋形方法；针对赋形过程中辐射场的快速分析要求，比较分析了基于物理光学的Fourier-Bessel和Jacobi-Bessel级数展开方法以及GB展开分析方法；利用GB展开快速分析方法在20GHz频率下对0.6m口径的天线进行赋形分析，实现中国大陆的30dB增益覆盖，通过数值计算研究了固定增益期望下的口径尺寸随频率的变化，以及频率为20GHz的不同尺寸天线赋形后的覆盖目标区域最大增益的变化情况。

In this paper we introduce a finite element program design method for solving 3 D thoracic electrical field distribution,based on Borland C++ for DOS and using isoparametric element of arbitrary hexahedron.In the process of solving final finite element equation,this paper uses the method of blocking and 'getting big number' to deal with total coefficient matrix and boundary conditions.

本文介绍了一种采用等参数8节点任意六面体单元来求解人体胸腔三维恒定电场分布的有限元程序设计方法，程序的编制基于BorlandC＋＋ForDOS的编程环境，在对最终形成的有限元代数方程的求解过程中采用了分块处理总系数矩阵及"取大数"处理边界条件的方法。

Usually, distribution networks operate in arborescence mode, so in the simulation of fault analysis the impact of faulty switch element on system reliability is apportioned to failure consequences of adjacent sections that connect to switch, and then an equivalent analytical model considering switch fault is proposed. Thus, not having to conduct the reliability analysis of switch element singly, the impact of switch element fault on system reliability can be calculated. Applying the proposed algorithm in RBTS-BDS6 system, RBTS-BUS4 system and actual medium-voltage distribution network to conduct reliability assessment, the results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in speed and possesses efficiency and engineering practicality.

配电网常具有树状运行特点，在故障解析模拟时，将开关元件故障对系统可靠性的影响分摊到连接开关的相邻分块的故障后果中，进而提出计及开关故障的可靠性等值解析模型，不需单独进行开关元件故障的可靠性分析即可计算其对系统可靠性的影响，应用该算法对RBTS-BUS6和RBTS-BUS4系统及实际中压配电网进行了可靠性评估，结果表明该算法有较明显的速度优势，具有高效性和工程实用性。

Then, taking the wave problems governed by the Helmholtz equation as an example, several conventional infinite elements such as the Bettess element, the Astley element and the Burnett element are compared and reviewed.

首先介绍无限单元的概念和无限元方法的特点；围绕求解以Helmholtz方程控制的波动问题，评述几种常规无限单元的优劣，这些单元包括Bettess元、Astley元和Burnett元。

Diabetes is a social disease that affects several million people worldwide.

糖尿病是一个社会性疾病，全世界有数百万人罹患此病。

I'll call you on Friday to see if we can reschedule our luncheon meeting at your convenience.

我星期五会给您打电话在您方便的时候我们重新安排我们的午餐约会。