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The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

Few people know that Malta manufactures and exports a broad spectrum of products ranging from sophisticated industrial equipment and semi-conductors to general consumer goods such as giftware and furniture,to management and financial services.

只有少数人了解马尔他的工业情况，并出口用途广泛的各类产品：范围从老牌工业设备、半导体器材，到一般消费商品，如礼品、家具，再到管理及金融服务的各个领域。

Australian rower Drew Ginn/James Tomkins who had won gold medals in Men's four oars of both World Rowing Championships and Atlantic Olympics, Donovan Cech/Ramon di Clemente from South Africa and Nathan Twaddle/George Bridgewater from New Zealand had respectively won the 1st place within the group. Together with the 2nd and3rd runner-ups, they entered the semi-final.

曾夺得去年世锦赛冠军和亚特兰大奥运会四人单桨金牌的澳大利亚人德鲁·吉恩／詹姆斯·汤姆金斯、来自南非的多诺万·切赫／拉蒙·克莱门蒂和新西兰的内森·特沃德尔／乔治·布里奇沃特获得了各自小组的第一名，他们将同各小组第二和第三名获得者一起进入半决赛。

Is a kind of black, and has a glossy high-viscosity liquid, semi-solid or solid.

是一种黑色、且具有光泽的高粘度液体、半固体或固体。

Methods: Atrial tissue was obtained from the right appendage during open surgery in 25 patients with RHD. The mRNA of ACE and ERK2 and AT1R was semi-qualified by reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction and normalized to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Western blotting analysis was employed to examine the expression of ACE and ERK and AT1R. Atrial collagen volume fraction was detected by Masson's stain.

25例风心病二尖瓣狭窄接受外科手术者，手术时取右心耳处心房组织500mg，通过逆转录—聚合酶链反应技术，以GAPDH为内参照测量ACE、AT1R、ERK2的 mRNA变化，用Western Blotting了解ACE、AT1R、ERK在蛋白水平表达的差异，经免疫组织化学了解胶原纤维容积分数改变情况。

Et Flah. is composed of cellulous, semi-cellulous, glycolipid and proteins.

的细胞壁由纤维素、半纤维素、糖脂和蛋白质组成。

The gnarly, the dirty, the semi-strange … in other words, the people I'd normally avoid or not even notice were the ones who reacted the most warmly.

皮肤粗糙的，长得难看的，有点怪异的……换句话说，我通常会忽略或根本注意不到的人的反应却是最热烈的。

Modern logistics and perfecting the concept of logistics management system, has become a well organized, well-equipped with a semi-closed, all closed, Gaolan, gondola car, such as the modern professional logistics companies.

具备现代物流公司的物流理念和完善的管理制度，已经成为一家组织健全，设施完善，拥有半封闭，全封闭，高栏，敞车等的现代专业物流公司。

Changchun to take my company all over the country, all over the country to the vehicle in Changchun, LTL, air cargo transport, long-distance moving, special cargo transportation, the company has a flatbed, gondola car, Gaolan vehicles, semi-enclosed vehicles, closed vehicles, containers, etc. types of vehicles can take vehicles across the country, less-than-truckload, long-short-distance transport operations.

我公司承接长春至全国各地、全国各地至长春整车、零担、航空货物运输，长途搬家，特种货物运输，公司设有平板车，敞车，高栏车，半封闭车，全封闭车，集装箱等各种车辆，可承接全国各地整车，零担，长短途运输业务。

Semi-soft cheeses include Stilton, Wensleydale and Gorgonzola.

半软的奶酪包括史，文斯利代尔和戈贡佐拉。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。