查询词典 selection forest

This course is an attempt to give the students the basic idea and method of forest management in order to prepare the management plan; Place of forest management in forestry; Content of forest management; Guide principles of forest management; Sustained working; Silvicultural system; Forest yield; Increment; Volume increment; Quality increment; Price increment; Total price increment; Forest maturity; Indicating percent; Productive stage; Physical rotation; Technical rotation; Rotation of maximum volume yield; Highest forest rent rotation; Financial rotation; Cutting cycle of selection system; Normal forest; Normal distribution of age classes; Normal arrangement of stands; Normal increment; Normal growing stock; Normal yield; Improvement of actual forest; Reserve forest; Reserve fund; Planning and plan of forest management; Forest regulation; Area allotment; Volume allotting method; Volume frame work; Area-volume combined frame work; Growing stock; Utilization percent method; Difference method; Pure age-class; Growth method; Control method; Forest subdivision; Forest surveying; Forest survey; Certainty of future policy of forest; Selection of species; Decision of silvicultural system; Decision of rotation; Regulation of future yield; Preparation of management plan; Working the plan; Control and revision of management

本课程之目的为使学生了解森林经营之基本观念及方法，以期编订经营计划，课程包括森林经营学在林学上之地位、森林经营学之内容、森林经营之指导原则、保续作业、森林作业法、森林收获、生长、材积生长、形质生长、腾贵生长、总价格生长、林木成熟期、指率、生产期、自然轮伐期、工艺轮伐期、材积收获最多轮伐期、森林纯益最大之轮伐期、财政轮伐期、择伐林之回归期、法正林、法正龄级分配、法正林分排列、法正生长、法正蓄积、法正伐采额、现时林之改良、预备林、预备金、森林经营上之规划及计划、收获预定、面积配分法、材积配分法、材积平分法、折衷平分法、蓄积法、利用率法、较差法、纯粹龄级法、生长量法、稽核法、森林区划、森林测量、森林调查、将来森林经营方针之确定、树种之选定、作业法之决定、轮伐期之判定、将来收获之预定、经营管理计划之编订、计划之执行、经营管理计划之稽核与检订。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

The auther studied the community ecology of soil pro-tozoa by chosing the five representative forest types,korean-pine-broad-leaved forest,broad-leaved-korean-pine forest,korean-pine forest,broad-leaved forest andsylvesfriformis-pine forest in the coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest zone on northern slope of ChangbaiMountain during the summer of 1985-1987 in order tounderstand the composition of species and number of soilprotozoa in different forest types of the coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest zone;species dibersity indexand evenness index of soil protozoa in community;pro-tozoan density and biomass;noteworthiness of the re-gularity of protozoan number variance;distributionpattern in community;horizontal distribution;relation-ship of vertical distribution and soil micro-environ-ment etc.,and compare the similarities and differencesof these five forest types according to feature ofsoil protozoan community,and finally summarize thetheoretical regularity,the index or the evidonceof the best forest-type structure.

本文工作的目的是通过对不同林型下土壤原生动物的群落组成，群落结构特征的研究，以及对凋落物分解过程中原生动物种类和数量的初步调查，来探索土壤原生动物在指示环境条件和林型结构特征方面的可能性作用。

Beijing environmental problems hold severe, and atmospheric and water pollute, soil and water loss, hot island and yawp are leading problems,and take on territorial characteristic. Based on research on relativity between urban forest and these environmental problems, urban forest can effective improve environmental quality in Beijing. And for the aim of improve environmental quality, Beijing forest overlay should attain 35% at least in citywide range, and local-areas being severe environmental problem should be provided with higher forest overlay.5. Through the study on urban forest needed capacity, Beijing's forest coverage is up to par in citywide range, but montanic forest coverage, plain covered with trees and average forest area are lacking, and CO2 and O2 balance is incapable;form the point of heat and balance CO2 and O2 balance,urban forest the city zone and suburb is lack. There is urban forest developmental potential space,but the city zone and suburb area need be compensated form urban forest in circumjacent region.6. On the based of the above results and ecological network system, the author drived whole region into city area, plain and mountain area are needed at the point of planning thoughts of running-through forests and water .

根据城市森林与北京市主要环境问题的相关性分析，城市森林在改善这些环境问题中具有重要的作用，为有效改善这些环境问题，整个北京市域范围内森林覆盖率至少达到35%，并且分布比较均匀，环境问题严重的局部区域需要不同程度增加森林覆盖率。5、通过对北京市城市森林需求量研究发现，虽然在市域范围内北京森林覆盖率达到了国家标准，但是山区森林覆盖率、平原林木覆盖率、城区人均森林面积不足；从区域热平衡和碳氧平衡角度分析，城区和郊区不能满足本区域的城市森林需求量，虽然北京市城市森林具有一定的发展潜力，整体上基本可以满足城市需要，但是这些区域需要依靠周边区域城市森林的补偿。6、根据以上的研究结果，以中国森林生态网络体系建设的点、线、面布局理念为指导，以&林网化——水网化&作为优化理念，将北京市整个市域划分为城区近郊区及其辐射区域，平原区和山区三大区域，依据三大区域特点进行城市森林布局优化。

These changes include both positive changes from nonforest to forest and negative changes from forest to nonforest. The top ten changes by area were as follows: plantation to cut area, forest toopen forest, forestto cut area,non forest to forest, barren land to forest,plantation to plowland,forest tobarren land,plantation to barren land,nonforest landto forest and open forest to forest.

森林资源变化依次是经济林变成采伐迹地、林分转变为疏林地、林分转变为采伐迹地、非林地向林地转变、宜林地转变为林分、经济林转变为耕地、林分转变为宜林地、经济林转变为宜林地、未成林地转变为林分、疏林地转变为林分。

The system implemented forest fire model selection automatically and intelligently. BP artificial neural network model of forest fire model selection was build by treating forest fire environment data as inputting variable and treating appropriate forest fire model as outputting variable. At the same time, we studied the methods of acquiring and calculating data of inputting and outputting. The system implemented machine of model selection automatically based on dynamic data driven technology. We selected 72 items experimental data from historical forest fire records in Beijing to experiment and confirm the validity of model selection. It turned out that the reliability of model selection is more than 80 percent.

3基于BP人工神经网络方法设计了林火模型适宜性选择技术框架结构，通过神经网络形成林火模型选择知识，实现了林火模型的自动化和智能化选择；以火场环境因子为输入变量，以适宜火场环境模拟的林火蔓延模型作为输出变量，构建了林火模型选择神经网络模型；研究了输入、输出因子数据的获取与计算方式，实现了动态数据驱动的林火模型自动选择机制；以本京市为例，选择了有详细火场情况记录的72场林火作为实验样本，其中60条记录作为学习样本集，12条记录作为验证样本，对神经网络进行了学习和验证，实验结果表明，模型选择精度可达到80%以上。

There are some questions such as forest fire model selection, forest fire model updating, verifying simulation accuracy and so on in traditional forest fire spreading system. Study purpose is to build an innovative forest fire spreading simulation system based on DDDAS in this paper. The system can increase precision of forest fire spreading simulation by model base, model selection, model updating and so on. It can provide a strategic decision for forest fire save and new technologies demonstration for other related field of research. The research encompasses several major topics:(1) This paper brings up the term of dynamic data driven forest fire spreading simulation system and supplies new research approach and thought for forest fire spreading simulation study. The system framework was brought.

本研究针对传统林火模拟过程中存在的模型手动选择难度大、模型修正数据获取效率低、模拟精度验证困难等问题，以DDDAS为林火蔓延模拟研究的技术范式，提出林火蔓延模拟全新的技术框架体系，解决模拟系统建设过程中的模型库建设与管理、模型适宜性选择、模型自适应修正、模拟过程实时验证等关键技术，建立林火扩散模拟和实际林火发展之间相互协作、共生的林火扩散动态模拟系统；提高林火蔓延模拟精度，将林火蔓延模拟真正应用到林火扑救指挥过程当中，在实践上为林火扑救指挥提供决策支持，在理论上为相关领域的空间扩散模拟研究提供新的思路和技术范式。

When big, moderate rain and rainstorm, the Y value size order is always the masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the wetland pinery＜the wetland pinery＜the locust tree forest＜the locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the thin forest, to the soil protection effect, the conifer forest is better than broad leaved forest. For annual rainfall erosion, the Y value ordered: Locust tree forest＜wetland pinery＜locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜wetland pinery＜masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜thin forest.

大、中雨和暴雨时，Y值的大小顺序都是马尾松湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜湿地松林＜刺槐林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜疏林，对土壤保护效果针叶林优于阔叶林；对于年降雨侵蚀，Y值的大小顺序是：刺槐林＜湿地松林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜马尾松湿地松混交林＜疏林。

The four models were analyzed and normalized. We studied the procedure and method of building forest fire model base. Model base was build by object-oriented method based on category of model. Forest fire spreading models algorithm were implemented. We designed model dictionary base, model file base, and model knowledge base. Model base administration and maintenance functions were developed and implemented model file management, parameter management and knowledge management. The problems of interface between of model base and database were solved by means of model data control files. Model base ensured the availability of supporting for forest fire model suitability selection technology and forest fire model self-adapting updating technology.(3) Based on BP artificial neural network, we designed a frame construction of forest fire model selection of suitability. Forest fire model selection knowledge was produced through BP artificial neural network.

2建立了林火模型库建设的林火蔓延模型评价标准，根据模型评价标准和试验区实际情况，在42个林火蔓延模型中选择了目前最具有影响力和最具有典型代表性的Rothermel模型、王正非模型、加拿大模型和澳大利亚模型进行了解析和归一化处理；对林火模型库的建库过程和方法进行了研究，在林火模型分类基础上，采用面向对象的模型库表示方法建立了林火模型库；实现了林火蔓延模型算法，设计了模型字典库、模型文件库和模型知识库；开发了模型库管理与维护功能，实现了模型的文件管理、参数管理和知识管理；通过模型数据管理文件解决了模型库与数据库之间接口问题；实现了林火模型库对林火模型适宜性选择和林火模型自适应修正技术的有效支持。

The storages of WSOC under 11 forest types were as follows: Pinus massoniana forest 2.43 ×10~6 t , robur mixed forest 1.57 ×10~6 t, shrubs 1.22×10~6 t, Cupressus funebris forest 0.46×10~6 t, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest 0.60×10~6 t, Citrus reticulate plantation 0.38×10~6 t, other soft broad leaved forest 0.22×10~6 t, the broad leaved and coniferous mixed forest 0.22×10~6 t, Neosinocalamus affinis 0.16×10~6 t, other hard broad leaved forest 0.20 ×10~6 t, temperate Pine forest 0.06×10~6 t.

本研究采用该方法测定的各主要森林类型下WSOC总贮量为6.53×10~6 t.11种森林植被WSOC库分别为：马尾松林2.43×10~6 t，栎类混交林1.57×10~6 t，灌木林1.22×10~6 t，柏木林0.46×10~6 t，杉木林0.60×10~6 t，柑桔林0.38×10~6 t，其它软阔林0.22×10~6 t，针阔混交林0.22×10~6 t，竹林0.16×10~6 t，其它硬阔林0.20×10~6 t，温性松林0.06×10~6t。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。