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The scientific and academic system of a group of when Lakatuosi thinks immanent structures that have rigor is scientific research program, any scientific theory are form by hard nucleus and bracer, develop and adjust of scientific program abide by the opposite to inspire law and front to inspire a law principle of two kinds of methodology, present the mode of dynamic development.

拉卡托斯认为的一组具有严密的内在结构的科学理论体系就是科学研究纲领，任何科学理论都是由硬核和保护带构成，科学纲领的发展和调整遵循反面启发法和正面启发法两种方法论原则，呈现动态发展的模式。

Based on an analysis of the significance of the information resources advancement of the scientific papers online-exchange, the paper systematically analyzed the barriers of the information resources advancement from traditional notional、scientific evaluable、legal、technological points of view with particular emphasis on the attitudes and actions of various subjects、scientific researcher、scientific institution 、magazinist, and pointed out the struggling direction for the healthy and sustainable development of the scientific papers online-exchange.

刘杰武汉大学信息管理学院；武汉大学信息资源研究中心；武汉大学知识产权高级研究中心在分析我国科技论文在线交流资源推动的原因及意义的基础上，从传统观念文化、传统科研评价及激励机制、法律和技术角度对制约我国科技论文在线交流资源推动的因素或障碍进行了系统分析，重点分析了不同学科、科研人员、科学协会、期刊出版商的相关态度和做法，从而为我国科技论文在线交流健康可持续的发展指明了努力方向和突破口。

So, during the period of transformation acceleration, our focus on the change of the economic growth structure, the division of the scientific and technological resources factors and the complication of systematic environment of scientific and technological resources, our seeking for the macro-environment and realistic strong point of the scientific and technological development, our exploration of the intension of scientific and technological resource and the way of rational allocation, promotion of the scientific and technological progress and innovation in an all-round way, upgrade of the contributing power of science and technology to economic development, are very significant to dispel the uncertain factors of society transformation period effectively, form new norm of society reconstruction and ensure the steady transformation of society.

因此，在加速转型期，关注经济增长结构的变化，科技资源要素的分化以及科技资源系统环境的复杂化，寻求科技发展的宏观环境和现实支撑点，探索科技资源内涵及合理配置方式，全面促进科技进步与创新，提高科技对经济发展的贡献力，对于有效消除社会转型期的不确定因素，形成新的社会整合规范，保障社会的平稳过渡具有重要的意义。

In this paper we build a university scientific research management information system based on Client/Server and three-layer structure of ASP technology, and introduced the design aims, tasks and principle of the system with systematic investigation and analyzsis of demand., With the principle of integrality, practicability, opening, precursive and generality, data stream and data structure are analyzed detailedly, and logistic model which fits university scientific research management was established based on advanced structure system analysis method. In addition, it puts forward a series of the whole scheme of scientific research management system which bases on internet adapts large database development.the design of this system adapts new internet/intranet techonlogy and it can make us gather and share the whole provincial university scientific research information.lt studies and establishes oology structure and using platform of our provincial university scientific research management system, In addition,it also designs and formulates the system at the experimental unit(the scientific research department of NEAU).The scientific research management information system of NEAU is one part of the network information management system.

本课题采用基于客户／服务器和三层结构的ASP技术，在系统调研、需求分析的基础上，给出了基于互联网的省高校科研管理系统的设计目标、任务和原则；本系统的开发遵循完整性、通用性、实用性、先进性和开放性的原则，采用较为先进的结构化系统分析方法对数据流程、数据结构进行详尽的分析，制定一个适合高校科研管理的逻辑模型；提出一套基于互连网络的、采用大型数据库开发的科研管理系统的整体方案；系统设计采用Internet／Intranet全新技术，可做到全省高校科研信息集成与共享；研究制定我省高校科研管理信息系统的拓扑结构及应用平台，利用试点单位，设计和制定我省高校科研管理信息系统的功能结构和信息资源结构。

Jointly develop ,produce with the key scientific research universities and colleges "baixing" and "Tendly" brand Hi-Tech new-type Origanum oil ( draw from the origanum vulgarel grass) betaine、garlicin、 organic copper、organic chromium、sodium dia-cetate、methionine copper、methionine iron、methionine zinc、methionine manganese etc. Series of products. Obtain the scientific and technological result first prize of Henan , The third-class scientific and technological progresses is rewarded ,advanced enterprise of Xiangcheng city scientific and technological , undertake the two scientific and technological brainstorm project of "the eighth five-Year Plan period provinces in dependently. Awarded to "outstanding private scientific and technological enterprise of Henna province" by the scientific and technological drawing room of henna province in 2001.With bear two of national" the Ninth five-Year Plan jointly by fodder by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, one shiwu scientific and technological brainstorm project.

与重点科研院校联合研制、生产"百兴""添德利"牌高科技最新型饲料添加剂：牛至油，甜菜碱、大蒜素、有机铜、有机铬、双乙酸钠、蛋氨酸铜、铁、锌、锰络合物等系列产品，分别获得河南省科技成果一等奖，科技进步三等奖，项城市科技先进企业，独立承担两项省"八五"科技攻关项目，2001年被河南省科技厅授予"河南省优秀民营科技企业"，同中国农科院饲料所联合承担两项国家"九五"，一项"十五"科技攻关项目。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

The author tries to certify the autocephaly independency of scientific apparatus in scientific knowing action, proposes that scientific apparatus is not only a static observing tool, but a dynamic tool of intervening. And scientific apparatus not only represents the scientific object, but constructs the scientific object.

力图证明科学仪器在科学认识活动中的独立性、自主性，指出科学仪器不仅是静态的观察工具，更是对世界的动态干预和介入，科学仪器不仅&表征&了科学对象，而且&建构&了科学对象。

This thesis firstly analyzed related theories on independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises; secondly described the status quo and developing trend of independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises in China; thirdly determined objectives and characteristics of independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, put forward three ways for independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, they are direct way of wholly independent innovation, outflanking ways based on cooperation innovation and imitation innovation; fourthly made "structure-function" analysis for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, clarify system operation mechanism; finally this thesis used the theory and method of System Dynamics modeling for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises.

论文首先对民营科技企业自主创新系统相关理论进行研究；接着描述了我国民营科技企业自主创新现状与发展趋势；然后确定了民营科技企业自主创新系统的目标、特点，将民营科技企业自主创新的实现途径分为完全自主创新的直接途径和基于合作创新和模仿创新的迂回途径；并对民营科技企业自主创新系统行&结构-功能&分析，阐明民营科技企业自主创新系统的运行机理；最后应用系统动力学的理论和方法对民营科技企业自主创新系统进行建模。

Jointly develop ,produce with the key scientific research universities and colleges "baixing" and "Tendly" brand Hi-Tech new-type Origanum oil ( draw from the origanum vulgarel grass) betaine、garlicin、 organic copper、organic chromium、sodium dia-cetate、methionine copper、methionine iron、methionine zinc、methionine manganese etc. Series of products. Obtain the scientific and technological result first prize of Henan , The third-class scientific and technological progresses is rewarded ,advanced enterprise of Xiangcheng city scientific and technological , undertake the two scientific and technological brainstorm project of "the eighth five-Year Plan period provinces in dependently. Awarded to "outstanding private scientific and technological enterprise of Henna province" by the scientific and technological drawing room of henna province in 2001.With bear two of national" the Ninth five-Year Plan jointly by fodder by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, one shiwu scientific and technological brainstorm project.

与重点科研院校联合研制、生产&百兴&&添德利&牌高科技最新型饲料添加剂：牛至油，甜菜碱、大蒜素、有机铜、有机铬、双乙酸钠、蛋氨酸铜、铁、锌、锰络合物等系列产品，分别获得河南省科技成果一等奖，科技进步三等奖，项城市科技先进企业，独立承担两项省&八五&科技攻关项目，2001年被河南省科技厅授予&河南省优秀民营科技企业&，同中国农科院饲料所联合承担两项国家&九五&，一项&十五&科技攻关项目。

Such doubts havesitimulated the researchers'curiosity and start to explore the students' terms This research proceeds by observation interview test using learning sheets and etc The purpose is to explore students' terms of scientific concepts sources of terms connections between students' usage nomenclature and chooses of usage The results of the research are as follows: 1 There are five kinds of naming principles for students' terms of scientific concepts: appearance habit function replacing and sound Appearance principle contains three categories: color shape and partial construction; habit principle contains custom and ability; replacing principle contains reality and non-reality 2 Students' terms of scientific concepts come from two ways: self-acquisition and learning through senses The former way is only a bit more common than the latter 3 There are three different relationships between students' usage of terms and nomenclature: one both the same in usage and meaning; the other both different; another different usage but the same meaning Normally terms that students used are various from nomenclature in the aspects of usage and meaning only a few would match and even rare for "Synonyms" to occur 4 Alternative options for students' scientific terms are maintenance adaptation or co-existence with formal scientific terms The most common way of selecting usage of terms is to maintain Sometimes students would adapt themselves once learn of scientist's term However some believe that very odd chances for both could exist at the same time

这样的疑问深深引起研究者的好奇，著手探索学生科学概念所使用的语言。本研究透过观察、访谈、学习单施测等方法来进行，目的在探讨学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语、学生惯用语来源、学生惯用语与科学家用语之关联性、学生惯用语选择。研究结果如下：一、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语的命名原则有五种：外型、习性、功能、藉代称呼及声音，其中外型原则有颜色、体型及部份构造三类目，习性原则有习惯及能力两类目，藉代称呼原则有实体及虚拟两类目。二、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语有两种来源，分别为自己称取和听来。学生惯用语来源较多为自己称取，透过其他方式听来少一点，但两种来源的比率差距甚小。三、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语和科学家用语的关系有三种，分别为用语意涵均相同、用语不同意涵相同和用语意涵均不同。学生惯用语通常和科学家的用语是不同的，且其意涵也不同，只有部份学生惯用语和科学家用语意涵均相同，至於学生惯用语和科学家用语不同但意涵相同的极少。四、学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择有三种，分别为维持学生惯用语、改变成科学家用语和科学家与学生惯用语皆可。学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择，以维持学生惯用语最多，而有些时候学生会在得知科学家的用语后改变成科学家用语，但认为科学家用语和自己使用的学生惯用语皆可的则很少。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。