查询词典 scholars

During the period of Independence Review (1932~37), scholars of democratic parties, such as Hu Shi, based on the admonitory government subjects, made a continuous criticism on Kuomintang and the rule of Nanjing Nationalist government, by the way of scholars talking about politics.

摘 要：《独立评论》时期(1932~1937)，胡适等民主派学人从做政府"诤臣"的角度，以"书生论政"的方式对国民党及南京国民政府的政治统治进行了深入的批评。

The tea drinking resulted the tea sets, and the tea sets have been the unity of the elegant artifact and the common aliment in the course of the history. They were so close with the scholars that they were the reflex and the reposement of the spirit of the scholars. In addition, the tea sets were the products of the history. Because the tea sets developed in the continual change of the needs of the people" s tea drinking, they presented bright times" character.

茶具因人们饮茶的需要而产生，随着历史的演变，它成了高雅艺术品和世俗生活用品的统一体；它与文人的关系密切，是文人心灵的折射，成了他们的精神寄托；作为历史产物的茶具因其满足了人们不断变化的需求而不断发展，每个时期的茶具呈现出鲜明的个性。

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

The ancient scholars study for improving themselves,but the nowadays scholars study for show off towards others.the perfectman's study is used for perfecting his body and mind;while the flunky regards study as fowls or cows in order to blandish others.

古代的学者学习是为了提高自己，现在的学者学习是为了给别人看。君子的学习，是用它来完美自己的身心；小人的学习，只是把学问当作家禽、小牛之类的礼物去讨人好评。

Comparing with most scholars prevail optimism, some scholars appeal to think in the deliberative way, and to explore deeply the relation of them. The theory of the relation between civil society and democratization is expanding and developing, but inevitably there are some shortcoming and weak point, for example, the arrogant of western centralist, the exist of restrict limiting and academic obstacles, the widening of conception and confuse of theory.

当代西方公民社会与民主化关系理论的总体态势在横向上日益拓宽领域，在纵向上也不断深化研究，但某种程度的偏执与狭隘却在所难免，如西方中心主义的傲慢、区域局限与学术壁垒的存在、概念的宽泛与理论的混乱等。

Moreover, in the end, I have to say:"the chaos caused by war, the clownish of aggressor and the Embarrassing of Chinese scholars at modern times have increased a lot of sad feeling when scholars studied the problems of race". However, only in hard environment can we have right awareness and proper direction, and we will continue to make progress.

在结语部分，我不得不如是说：近代中国战乱不断、民不聊生的图景；帝国主义侵略者在压榨、剥削中国人之后，还趾高气昂、振振有词的丑态，以及中国的学人们为证明"种族无优劣之分"，不得不附和"西来说"，承认"黄白同源"时的窘相，也给他们研究人种问题平添了几多悲情与无奈。

Before discussing Xing Yunlu's calendrical work, we reviewed the calendrical system of the Ming Dynasty and the status of the calendar crisis and the endeavor of reviving the traditional calendar made by the scholars Gu Yingxiang (1483-1565), Tang Shunzhi (1507-1560) and Zhou Shuxue (?1500-?1572) during the Emperor Jia Jing (1522-1566) in the Ming Dynasty. These scholars had paid attention to the underlying mathematical principles of Shoushi Computus, especially the method on arc and arrow in the geometry.

在讨论邢云路的改历活动之前，首先对明代的历法系统以及传统历法出现危机的状况以及明代嘉靖年间顾应祥(1483-1565)、唐顺之(1507-1560)、周述学(约1500-约1572)等复兴传统历法的努力进行讨论，指出：明代嘉靖年间学者的改历理念主要是注重讨论被钦天监历官忽视的《授时历》的立法原理问题，并对《授时历》弧矢术做了一些有益的探求工作。

Run Quan's A Psychotic Disease or a Psychotic Medicinecarries with itself the author's conceitedness and looks down upon all other scholars. His paper not only has abominable personal attacks on other scholars, which violates the spirit of criticism, but also looks up to the Western theories as the only accepted criteria. His misinterpretation and irrational criticism of "spirit of new-rationality" and "cultural poetics" has nothing b...

闰泉的《精神的疾病还是精神的良药》一文，以挟洋自重的学术姿态横扫一切，不仅对学者进行恶劣的人身攻击，有违批评的精神；而且，奉西方理论为圭臬，对"新理性精神"和"文化诗学"做了许多错位的理解和无端挞伐，严重缺乏应有的"事实感"，使批评的尊严荡然无存。

However, what is 「integrated curriculum」? The administration of the Ministry of Education and the scholars discuss it from theories and some scholars engage in connecting the theories and practices. Those are officers' and scholars' perspectives or factures, not out of the teachers' professional autonomy and reflection.

代表官方的教育行政单位及学者们纷纷对此议题提出理论的探讨，或有部分学者致力於理论与实务的研究，但是，这些毕竟都是官方与学者的观点或做法，而不是教师本於专业自主的反省所进行的改革。

Imperial examination system and rightism policy is the primary reason why people in Song Dynasty value that literature disciple; the social ideological trend of paying attention to passing on the interconnected system in Song, to a great extent, influences scholars' extremely dominant ideas; Scholars' unprecedented increasing consciousness of team working also makes scholars being disciples a practical need of their individual life.

科举制度和右文政策是决定宋人看重文学师承的首要原因；宋世注重统序传承的社会思潮则在很大程度上影响了文人强烈的文统观念；宋代文人群体意识空前增强，师门内的群从生活成为他们个体生活方式的一种现实需要。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。