查询词典 scale formation

The second chapter discusses the deep-layer reason of the formation of the belief from the two layers-classical thought and the general knowledge, thought and belief, analyzes deeply the factors of promoting the formation of the belief. We think the decisive power for the formation of the belief was still man" s longing for everlasting life, happiness and freedom. The human-centered reason provoked directly man" s wishes of magnifying life power and seeking the freedom of spirits; The turbulent social environment stimulated man s thirst for life and happiness; The free atmosphere of thought made it possible for the people to develop fully their imagination and to show fully the power of human nature; The thought of Taoist School and Yin-Yang Wu Xing provided the theory basis for the formation of immortal belief.

本文第二章从精英思想和一般知识、思想与信仰两个层面上探讨神仙观念形成的深层动因，对促进神仙观念形成的各种因素进行深入分析后，认为，对神仙观念形成起决定作用的仍是人们对生命永恒与快乐自由的追求，"人本理性"直接刺激了人们张大个体生命力量、追求精神自由的深层愿望；动荡、混乱、战争频仍的社会环境激发了人们对生存与快乐的渴望；自由的思想氛围使人们可以充分发挥他们的想象，充分彰显人性的力量；道家、阴阳五行思想为神仙信仰的形成提供了理论依据。

The cases with osteophyte formation were classified into 3 groups: osteophyte formation with disc height narrowing (n = 217), osteophyte formation without disc height narrowing (n = 99), and control group defined as the cases without osteophyte formation (n = 71). Twele genotypes were characterized.

骨赘形成的病例分为3组：骨赘形成伴椎间盘高度减小（n＝217）；骨赘形成不伴椎间盘高度减小（n＝99）；和对照组－确定没有骨赘形成（n＝71）。12种基因型具有特征性。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为"自源新词"和"他源新词"两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属"绝对新词"和"相对新词"，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

Volcanic rocks of Xishanbulake Formation and Shuiquan Formation are of alkali basalt series, those of Zhamoketi Formation are of alkali basalt series and tholeiite series, and those of Beiyixi Formation are obviously characterized by bimodal assemblage and mostly belong to alkali volcanic rocks.

其中，西山布拉克组和水泉组火山岩均碱性玄武岩系列；扎摩克提组火山岩分属碱性火山武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列；贝义西组火山岩具有明显的双峰式组合特徵，大部分属碱性火山岩。

Torricelli Daerbute fault zone north of Xinjiang formation predecessors established the Lower Carboniferous package Couto Group and the Commission on the Carboniferous too Le Dracula group, with the attribution of North Junggar formation formation of the district Mayi formation area.

请英文高手帮忙翻译下论文的摘要，拜托了新疆托里达尔布特断裂带北侧地层前人建立了下石炭统包古图组和上石炭统太勒古拉组，其地层归属北准噶尔地层分区玛依力地层小区。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Using the latest paleontological, magnetostratigraphic and chronological data and the lasting time of the high-resolution sequences, the authors have made a detailed chronostratigraphic division of the Jixi Group and determined the Jixi Group formed in the Early Cretaceous early Valaginian to middle Albian. In the group, the Didao Formation formed at 130.9±128.3 Ma, the Chengzihe Formation at 125.1±116 Ma, the Muling Formation at 116±106.9 Ma, and the Dongshan Formation at 106.9±101.7 Ma.

提要：利用最新的古生物、磁性地层年代资料及高分辨率层序延续时间推算，对鸡西群进行了精细的年代地层划分，确定了鸡西群形成时间为早白垩世凡兰吟早期—阿尔布中期，其中滴道组形成时间为130.9～128.3 Ma，城子河组形成时间为125.1～116 Ma，穆棱组形成时间为116～106.9 Ma，东山组形成时间为106.9～101.7 Ma。

More and more attention is focusing on the safty of drinking water suply. In this paper, firstly, chloramine formation and the characteristics and kinetics of monochloramine autodecomposition were studied. Secondly, considering the high concentration of ammonia and the complication of organic matters in Shanghai Huangpu River, formation characteristics and rules of disinfection byproducts were reviewed during the breakpoint chlorination process, and on the basis of grading and clssification of organisms, the control effects of chloramination on DBPs formation were studied. Finally, the formation rules of 2-monochlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from phenol chlorination were investigated, and related influencing factors and kinetics were analysed.

饮用水的安全供给受到越来越多的重视，本文首先进行了氯胺形态以及一氯胺自降解特性及其动力学研究；然后结合上海黄浦江水源氨氮浓度高、有机物成分复杂的特点，研究折点加氯过程中消毒副产物的生成特性和规律，以及在将有机物分级和分类的基础上，研究氯胺消毒对不同类别有机物生成消毒副产物的控制效果；最后考察了氯化苯酚生成2-一氯酚(2-MCP)、2，4-二氯酚(2，4-DCP)及2，4，6-三氯酚(2，4，6-TCP)的规律，并进行了影响因素和动力学分析。

Because of rock formation drillability is very important to our dilling program,we need to design one equipment to test the rock formation drillability,which is rock formation drillability experment equipment..this equipment is delight and dependentable,which can quickly testing the rock formation drillability,This equipment has wide useful feature.

因为岩石可钻性对钻井工程有很重要的作用，所以我们需要设计一台测定岩石可钻性的实验设备，即岩石可钻性试验机。该设备轻便、可靠，能方便、快捷的测定岩石的可钻性，具有广阔的应用前景。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。