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First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

首先，介绍了定时同步实现的数学基础，即信号参数估计理论；从定时参数的最大似然估计出发，介绍了基于数据辅助的定时同步方法和基于非数据辅助的定时同步方法，他们在实际的数字通信系统中均有广泛应用；论文探讨了数字信号处理中插值理论在定时同步中的应用，它使得接收端的采样时钟独立于定时控制，定时调整完全通过数字处理方法得以实现。

By using descriptive statistics, independent sampling t-value inspection, single factor variation analysis, correlation of Pilson differentiation, and multi-regression methods, the concrete conclusions are presented as the following

经由描述性统计、独立样本t检定、单因子变异数分析、皮尔森积差相关、逐步多元回归等统计方法加以分析后所获致之具体结论有

Through the use of statistical methods of descriptive statistics, independent t-value test sampling, single factor variation analysis, Pilson differentiation correlation and gradual multi-regression, concrete conclusions are as the following

经由描述性统计、独立样本t检定、单因子变异数分析、皮尔森积差相关、逐步多元回归等统计方法加以分析后所获致之具体结论有

The method obtained multiple training samples from a single face image by multi channel sampling before two-dimensional independent component analysis transformation. Experimental results on the ORL face database and YALE face database show that the proposed method is feasible and has higher recognition performance compared with GREY, PCA, ICA, 2DICA, projection combined PCA, FLDA, sampled FLDA and other algorithms where only one sample image per person is available for training.

该方法是在2DICA运算之前，首先对单训练样本进行采样，通过多频率采样可以获取多个不同频率下的采样样本，然后对采样样本进行2DICA特征提取，最后采用神经网络分类识别，对人脸库ORL和YEL作了相关实验，将该方法与GREY、PCA、ICA、2DICA、PC PCA、FLDA、Sampled FLDA等传统方法作了比较，最终证明了该方法可以有效地解决单训练样本人脸识别的问题。

10 Multifunction Intelligent DAQ using LabVIEW FPGA, 8 analog inputs, independent sampling rates up to 200 kHz, 16-bit resolution,±10 V,8 analog outputs, independent update rates up to 1.0 MHz, 16-bit resolution,±10 V,96 digital lines configurable as inputs, outputs, counters, or custom logic atrates up to 40 MHz,User-defined triggering, timing, and onboard decision making with 25 ns resolution,1M gate reconfigurable I/O FPGA for parallel processing power

2.10 使用LabVIEW FPGA模块的可重新配置多功能I/O，8路模拟输入、200 kHz同步采样率、16位分辨率、±10 V，8路模拟输出、1 kHz同步采样率、16位分辨率、±10 V，96条可配置的数字线，具有40 MHz输入、输出、计时器或自定义功能，25 ns分辨率的可配置触发、定时、板载决策，1百万门可重新配置I/OFPGA，带有82 kB嵌入式RAM

Through analysis the unbalance amplitude and phase of the dynamic balancing machine, use the indirect method to achieve accurate sampling with unbalance.

通过对动平衡机不平衡量的幅值和相位的分析，采用间接法实现对不平衡量的精确采样。

However, the Lateral Shear Interferometer can realize the two kinds of measurement, and it is the better tool for aero-optical test. For ordered aberration, it is deduced and simulated that the ability of wavefront reconstruction of LSI is better than Hartmann Wavefront Sensor , for the indirect sampling information of wavefront with LSI is more than HWS.

进一步分析了随机扰动和有序扰动的测量方法，指出在两种扰动同时存在的条件下，横向剪切干涉仪可以同时对两种扰动进行测量，因而是近场测量气动非均匀介质对光束质量影响的较好的研究方法。

On the basis of integrator of basic readout approch,improved sensing strategies with correlated double sampling to supress low frequency noises and offset,and canceling charge injection induced by switches.

在研究检测微小电容变化量的积分电路的基础上，进一步采用了可抑制低频噪声和漂移的相关双采样技术，以及抑制由开关的电荷注入引起的误差的技术。

Based on the integrator of basic readout approach,improved sensing strategies with correlate d double sampling are adopted, which can suppress low frequency noises and offse t, and cancel charge injection induced by switches.

在研究检测微小电容变化量的积分电路的基础上，进一步采用了可抑制低频噪声和漂移的相关双采样技术，以及抑制由开关电荷注入引起的误差的技术。

Concerning to the low efficiency of the classification algorithm in the real applications which was caused by over-sampling and misunderstanding rules in the analysis of customer loss, a new classified method, Induction of Rule with Antibody-cross-antigen of Artificial immune system, was proposed.

针对目前客户流失分析中的过量抽样和规则不容易理解导致分类算法在实际应用中的效果不明显的问题，提出了一种抗体抗原交叉的规则归纳算法

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐