查询词典 root ball

In the process of root cutting, the root accumulated a lot of soluble sugar and soluble protein, which provided material and energy for the cell differentiation. As root differentiating, soluable protein was continuously used up. During 10 to 20 days, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the basipetal top and end of rootkept comparatively stable, then declined as adventitious buds and roots growing. 40 days later, they kept invariable, because the newly formed bud can photosynthesize and the newly formed root can absorb nutrient from outside. The dynamic balances of endogenous hormone regulate adventitious buds and roots of the root. During callus growing and adventitious bud differentiating.

上部根段在细胞分化前期积累了大量的可溶性糖，为后期的分化提供能源物质，同时积累了大量的可溶性蛋白质，为愈伤组织的产生提供能源，而后随着分化，可溶性蛋白质不断被消耗。10～20d根段上部及下部的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量保持在相对稳定的水平变化不大，后期随着不定芽及不定根的生长下降较快。40d后，新形成的芽已经能够进行光合作用，新形成的根也可从外界吸收营养物质，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量基本保持不变。

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现&低促高抑&的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

Maxillary second molar has five subtype, Type A: absence of root fusion, Type B: presence of mesiobuccal and distobuccal root fusion, Type C: palatal root with anyone of buccal root fusion of molar with three roots, Type D:complete root fusion of molar with three roots, Type E:pseudofusion of molar.

分析其牙根发育沟之发生率、牙根发育沟之长度、牙根发育沟至牙骨质牙本质交界的距离，以及牙根发育沟最深点的深度、占牙根长的位置、与到牙根根管的距离，并且将牙根分类为上颚第一大臼齿，仅一种分类。

In order to assess the change of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation long-term-site productivity, The paper studied on effects of aboveground litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation in nutrient cycling of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantations at different ages,namely 2a、4a、5a、6a.It studied influence of different factors on decomposition of leaf、tree bark and twig of triploid populus tomentoza to select the operations to accelerate the decomposition and nutrient release. Finally, it studied influence of different intercrops on plantation site productivity and the relationship of intercrops and triploid populus tomentoza to select suitable intercrops. The main results as follows:(1)The aboveground litterfall of triploid populus tomentoza increased along with age from 216.03±59.7gm~(-2) at 3a to 482.38±101.3gm~(-2) at 7a, The N returned by litterfall wasl8.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~-121.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2a~-139.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2a~-138.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by litterfall was 5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1), 11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The nutrient returned by fine root turnover increased along with age, too. The N returned by fine root turnover was 3.85±0.41kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1),7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1),9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by fine root turnover was 0.73±0.07kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.69±0.09kghm~(-2) a~(-1)、1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The leaf was the principal pathway to return nutrient to soil among litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation. The proportion of returned N by leaf was 74.84%、71.96%、78.58%、75.03% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively,The proportion of returned P by leaf was 85.93%、80.31%、83.04%、83.23% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. Therefore, it is important to protect and utilize the leaf in order to maintenance and enhance the long-term-site productivity of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation.

本文采取时序研究法，以3a、5a、6a、7a共4个不同年龄的三倍体毛白杨纸浆林为对象，研究了地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降在林分N、P营养元素循环中的作用及不同年龄林分N、P营养元素循环的特征，以评价三倍体毛白杨纸浆林长期立地生产力的变化；采取网袋法研究了不同因素对落叶、树皮、树枝分解的影响，以确定加快其分解、促进养分释放的措施：同时研究了不同间作物对林地影响、林木与间作物之间关系，以选择能维持立地生产力的合适的间作物种类等内容，得到以下结论：(1)随着年龄的增加，三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物的数量从3a的216.03±59.7gm~(-2)增加到7a的482.38±101.3gm~(-2)，通过凋落物归还的N分别为：3a时为18.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为21.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为39.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为38.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，归还的P分别为：3a时为5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~-1随着年龄的增加，通过细根周转归还的养分也在增加，归还的N分别为：3a时3.85±0.41kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~-1归还的P分别为：3a时0.73±0.07kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时1.69±0.09kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~-1从地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降三种不同途径归还林地养分所占的比例来看，地上凋落物中的落叶是归还养分主要途径，年龄在3a、5a、6a、7a时，通过落叶归还的N所占比例分别为74.84%、71.96%、78.58%和75.03%，归还的P所占比例分别为85.93%、80.31%、83.04%和83.23%。

Excessive application of N-fertilizer inhibited root growth in early stage and promoted that in later stage; 6 gplot^(-1) root dry weights reached gradually and overweighed that of 3 gplot^(-1) until 65 d after transplanting, and 6 gplot^(-1) root activities became stronger than that of 3 gplot^(-1) until 55 d after transplanting; The ratios of root/shoot and the root nitrate activities of 6 gplot^(-1) were less active than that of 3 gplot^(-1) since 45 d after transplanting.

施氮过量抑制根系的早期发育，移栽后65d以前6 g盆^(-1)的处理根干重小于3 g盆^(-1)的处理，65d以后6 g盆^(-1)的处理根干重逐渐达到并超过3 g盆^(-1)的处理；移栽后55d以前6 g盆^(-1)的处理根系活力低于3 g盆^(-1)的处理，55d以后6 g盆^(-1)的处理根系活力高于3 g盆^(-1)的处理；移栽后45d以后6 g盆^(-1)的处理的根冠比小于3 g盆^(-1)的处理，6 g盆^(-1)的处理NR活性小于3 g盆^(-1)的处理。

Under P-deficiency stress, IAA concentration in asparagus bean plant increased, and IAA translocated from shoot to root, then IAA concentration in root increased, and the ratio of IAA concentration in root/that in young stem and leaf increased, then the ratio of root/shoot increased, due to more carbohydrate translocated to root.

缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗IAA浓度升高，并从地上部向根系运转，使根系IAA浓度和根系IAA含量/嫩茎叶IAA含量的比值升高，增强了碳水化合物向根分配的力度，促进了根冠比的提高，对缺磷敏感的二芦白升高最大，因而根冠比也升高最大。

The leaf WUE of millet was increased when root cutting in seedling stage,and only the treatment of I2D of maize increased the leaf WUE; The biomass WUE of millet and maize were increased excepting the root cutting treatments of "TM" and "sl"; At the 80% field capacity, when the root was cutted more seriously and more later,the seed yield WUE of millet were dropped; While at the 50% field capacity, the seed yield WUE of millet was increased when the root cutting is moderate in prophase,and have no reduction of output or increase the production at the same time ,while the benefit of saving water didnt evidently at the later stage root cutting.

苗期伤根处理能够提高谷子叶片WUE，而玉米伤根后仅I2D处理的单叶WUE高于对照；除TM和sl处理外，伤根处理提高了谷子和玉米生物量WUE；在土壤含水量为80%田间持水量时，随着伤根程度的加剧和伤根时间的后移，谷子子粒产量WUE下降，伤根不利于谷子WUE的提高；而在50%田间持水量时，前期伤根量适度的处理在不减产甚至增产的情况下还有助于作物子粒产量WUE的提高，而后期伤根的节水效果并不明显。

Thedeep cultivation-root cutting in before winter stage would delay the de-crease of root vigor、the activity of superoxide dismataseand catalse、and the soluble protein content in flag leaf and root system after an-thesis,while delay the increase of malondiadehydecontent in flag leafand root system in different soil depth,the results would delay the senes-cence of flag leaf and root system.

冬前深耘断根可延迟花后不同土层深度根系活力、根系与旗叶SOD与CAT活性、根系与旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量下降及根系与旗叶MDA含量的升高，从而延迟根系与旗叶衰老。

Root respiration rate of F.mandshurica seedling increased linearly with root N contents,the relativity was lower with increasing root diameter;indicate that the N concents of root tissue were major factor to root respiration.

4水曲柳苗木根系呼吸速率与根系全氮含量呈线性相关，并在不同月份、不同根系径级间达到显著相关，而相关性随根系加粗而降低，根组织氮素浓度是影响根系呼吸作用的重要因素。

This book gives a detailed description of the origin, development, raw materials, artistic creation and techniques of Chinese tree-root art, which falls into four categories — tree-root shaping, carving, furniture made of tree-root and bonsai. From the perspective of environmental protection, it explores the trend of development of tree-root art, laying a theoretical foundation for the establishment of tree-root art discipline.

本书对中国树根艺术的起源、发展、根材、艺术创作和制作工艺等方面作了详尽的论述，将树根艺术分为四大门类，即树根艺术造型、根雕、树根家具和树根盆景，并从人类目前对大自然环境保护的认识立场出发，对树根艺术的发展趋势进行更深层次的思考和探索，从而为建立树根艺术的学科奠定了理论基础。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。