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The paper introduces hot strip rolling lubrication mechanism,analyzes r easons which effect hot rolling lubrication,and put forward to opinions to furth er improve the effect of hot rolling lubrication.

介绍了板带热轧润滑的机理，分析了影响热轧润滑使用效果的因素，同时提出进一步改善热轧润滑效果应重视的问题。

A new process for seamless tube production called Seamless Tube Process comes into our horizon. The key equipment is a four—roll planetary rolling mill, which is also called Kocks Reduction Mill. The structure and operation principle of four-roll planetary rolling mill is similar to the three-roll planetary rolling mill.

最近出现了一种新的轧管工艺——STP轧管工艺，其核心设备为四辊行星轧机，又称KRM轧管机，其结构和工作原理与三辊行星轧机类似。

The formation of billet steel rocker was calculated theoretically and analyzed using the differential method of rolling pressure along width in rolling deformation zone according to the position of the billet steel skid mark,the asymmetrical distribution of the mark degree and the departure of rolled piece centerline from the centerline of rolling.

在轧制变形区应用轧制压力宽向微分法，从钢坯滑道黑印位置和黑印程度的非对称分布、轧件中心线偏离轧制中心线两方面对钢板镰刀弯的形成进行了理论计算和分析，提出了改进操作规程、提高推床适应能力、改进加热炉滑道、加强加热工艺技术管理以及实施热送热装提高热坯的供应能力等多项措施，以适应多倍尺轧制工艺的要求。

Plate mill rolling procedure calculation system was developed according to process of plate mill and requirement of engineering design, rolling temperature and force and power model was supplied, rolling procedure calculation system was introduced.

结合宽厚板轧机生产工艺特点及工程设计需要，开发了宽中厚板轧制规程计算软件，对宽厚板轧机轧制过程温度及力能参数计算模型公式的选用、计算方法及编程过程等进行了介绍。

The three-dimensional models of rolling are established with Pro/E. Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the procedure of bar tandem rolling is simulated. The nephograms of stress and strain of bar deformed area and the curve of roll force during rolling are obtained.

以三维立体软件Pro/E为平台，对其进行实体建模，并以大型商用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA为分析工具，对棒材连轧进行模拟，得出轧制过程中棒材变形区的应力、应变的变化情况和轧制力曲线。

In a preferred embodiment, the guiding track is annular and is bounded by a circular cylindrical rolling surface (51) of the rolling track and a roller (35) of the driving member, said roller being rotatable about an axis of rotation (37) coinciding with a common central axis (39) of the guiding track and the rolling track.

在优选实施例中，导向轨道是环形的并且被滚动轨道的圆柱形滚动表面（51）和驱动件的辊子（35）限定，所述辊子能够绕着大致与导向轨道和滚动轨道的公共中央轴线（39）重合的旋转轴线（37）转动。

Compared four-roll planetary rolling with three-roll planetary rolling, the rolling speed is faster and the deformation of tube is more uniform, higher efficiency and better quality will be gained as a result.

与三辊行星轧机相比，采用四辊行星轧机轧制铜管的轧制速度更快，可以大大提高生产效率；而且管坯变形更均匀，轧出的产品质量更好。

In order to use the existing production conditions sufficiently, by the quality control of the continuous-casting billet and hot sending process and the cooling process after rolling, especially the process controlling of Hot-Continuous-Rolling, realizing the small reduction ratio Hot-Continuous-Rolling production technics to produce big size steel stick upwards Φ 120mm using rectangular continuous-casting billet of 235 X 265mm, the lowest limit of 6.00 used in China currently is broken.

为了充分利用现有生产条件，通过控制连铸坯质量、热送和轧后冷却过程的控制，尤其是热连轧过程的优化控制，实现了235×265mm矩形连铸坯生产Φ120mm以上大规格棒材，热连轧压缩比突破了国内一般采用的6.00这个下限。

For the influence of the residual strain of alloyed plate on rolling force cannot be removed by conventional rolling force self-learn method,and based on the classic deformation resistance model,the influence of residual strain on rolling force is analyzed and correspondent mathematical model for engineering calculation is afford.

针对合金元素含量较多的中厚板在轧制过程中其残余应变对轧制力的影响无法通过自学习来克服的问题，在常规变形抗力模型的基础上，分析了残余应变对中厚板变形抗力的影响，并由此提出了残余应变的工程计算模型。

Hot-rolled seamless tube rolling with the beginning of continuous casting slab or slabs as raw material, after reheating furnace heating, high-pressure water descaling entered the rough mill, roughing cut is expected by the head, tail, re-entering the finishing mill, the implementation of the computer controlled rolling, and finally after rolling through the laminar cooling and coiling machines Coiling, becoming straight hair volume.

热轧无缝管用连铸板坯或初轧板坯作原料，经步进式加热炉加热，高压水除鳞后进入粗轧机，粗轧料经切头、尾、再进入精轧机，实施计算机控制轧制，终轧后即经过层流冷却和卷取机卷取、成为直发卷。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48