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Utilized the correlative knowledge of mathematics and theoretical mechanics, the movement measure of the rolling forming of rectangle ring have been studied that based on the ring rolling theory. And the corresponding geometrical models and mathematical models have been established. It was revealed the variation law of ring in the cold rolling process.With the rolling processing, the inside and outside diameters of ring gradually increased with the cures similarly hyperbolic and the augment speed of the inside diameter was obviously larger than the augment speed of the outside diameter. With the rolling processing, the displacement, speed and acceleration of the ring centre gradually increased in the feeding direction in the horizontal and vertical ring rolling mill. With the rolling processing, the moment of inertia which ring reeled its centre and the whirligig of ring gradually increased. It caused the rotary speed gradually decreased. And it was benefit to decrease the circle tolerance and improve the precision of final molding.

本文基于环件轧制理论，运用相关的数学知识和理论力学知识，研究了冷轧过程中矩形截面环件轧制成形的运动测量，并建立相关的几何模型和数学模型，揭示了冷轧过程中环件的变化规律：随着轧制过程的进行，环件的内外径随类似于双曲线的曲线逐渐增大，且环件内径增大速度大于外径增大速度；在卧式轧环机和立式轧环机下，随着轧制过程的进行，环件中心的位移、速度及加速度不断增大；随着轧制过程的进行，环件绕其中心的转动惯量不断增大，导致环件的转速不断减小，这样有利于环件的整圆和最终成形环件的精度。

Selecting corresponding rolling force model, the paper make an experiment and studies on cold rolled paper-thin strip processing characteristics of sixteen-roll rolling machine based on cold-rolled theory aand forms corresponding rolling model, tension model and moment calculation model .And comes to a conclusion that distortion force and press utmost have a large effect on rolling force and paper-thin strip shape, primarily presenting paper-thin strip rolling subarea theory that rolling force decreases corresponding to the thick decrease of strip but increases rapidly when to a certain thick.

结合带钢冷轧基本理论，选用适当的轧制压力模型，针对十六辊轧机轧制极薄带钢时的工艺特点进行了实验和分析，建立了相应的张力模型及辊系传动力矩模型；并得出变形抗力及压靠对轧制极薄带钢时的轧制力和板形有很大的影响，初步提出了当带厚较大时，为保持板形良好，随着轧件厚度的减少，轧制压力相应降低，当轧制到一定厚度时，轧制压力随着带厚的减少急剧增加的极薄带轧制分区理论。

In view of product quality of cross wedge rolling semifinished product of automotive power-shift box middle shaft which has heavy sectional shrinkage, numerical simulation and experimental method were adopted to analyze single wedge rolling and second wedge rolling method. It is found out that contrast second wedge rolling, single wedge rolling will not make workpiece bend easily, and after rolling the workpiece has no neck shrinkage.

针对用楔横轧工艺生产具有大断面收缩率特点的汽车变速箱中间轴毛坯所存在的产品质量问题，利用数值模拟与实轧试验对汽车变速箱中间轴毛坯一次楔成形和二次楔成形进行了分析研究，发现采用一次楔成形方法加工汽车变速箱中间轴毛坯，轧件不易发生弯曲，中间断面收缩率最大处没有发生缩颈现象，心部质量也较二次楔成形好。

Minitype rolling mill exploitation has gone to the lavatory for the experiment and scientific research have provided quite a few , the improvement the main body of a book has been carried out on present use rolling mill of precise copper of our university laboratory, has adopt gear wheel deflection falling-in way to have realized rolling mill controlling to rolling thickness , the rolling mill improving the day afer tomorrow has adopt three set of gear wheels to be engaged , two set of gear wheels axes among them may slide respectively along the erect sliding rail and the arc sliding rail , come true thereby to controlling rolling thickness.

小型轧机的开发为实验和科研提供了不少方便，本文对我校精密铜实验室现用轧机进行了改进，采用了齿轮变位啮合办法实现了轧机对轧制厚度的控制，改进后的轧机采用三组齿轮啮合，其中两组齿轮的轴线可分别沿竖直滑轨和弧形滑轨滑动，从而实现对轧制厚度的控制。

B: inner hole standard 54mm, outer diameter 127-160mm or so, various specifications of rolling screws, have modulus rolling rolling round the main motor shaft, fan shaft, worm and other products. C: Three-axis rolling wheels, the standard inner hole 25mm, 25.4mm, 35mm, 40mm, the main hollow tube rolling system, useful connections, art lamp, lighting tube teeth, elbows and so on. D: Automatic lathe accessories: cam, chucks, manual folder, Block, Block, steam-driven folder, sub-degree steam-driven clip seat, horizontal holder, manual horizontal sub-degree holder, a horizontal steam-driven sub-degree Block folder, sub-degree vertical folder manually Block, cylinder folder, CNC lathe tool, diamond grinding wheel, belts, metadata rods, measuring, activities Cam Block, feed rod, dental tube, Grinding, automatic lathes, table lathes, Rolling machine and so on...

产品采用进口钢材合金钢，高速钢专业材料，质量稳定精度高。A：二轴式台湾机型专用3T滚牙轮内孔标准50.5mm，外径90-100mm左右，台湾进口滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有各种直纹，网纹滚丝轮等。B：内孔标准54mm，外径127-160mm左右，滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有模数滚丝轮主要滚制电机轴，风扇轴，蜗杆等产品。C：三轴式滚丝轮，内孔标准25mm，25.4mm，35mm，40mm，主要滚制空心管件，管用接头，美术灯管，灯饰管牙，弯管等等。D：自动车床各种配件：凸轮，夹头，手动夹座，汽动夹座，分度汽动夹座，卧式夹座，手动卧式分度夹座，卧式分度汽动夹座，立式手动分度夹座，筒夹，CNC车刀，钻石砂轮，皮带，元棒，量具，活动凸轮座，送料杆，牙管，磨刀机，自动车床，桌上车床，滚牙机等等。。。

The method includes establishing one reverse mapping list comprising list items; reading the mapping data recorded in the data block state list item area to the list items during system initialization; checking reverse mapping list and finding the data block in Flash memory during reading some logic block; and writing the updated data into the empty data area of one new data block, writing the mapping data between the new logic block and the new data block into the state list item area and updating the mapping data of the corresponding list item in the reverse mapping list during writing some logic blcok.

包括：建立一个由表项组成的反向映射表，一个表项对应一个逻辑块；在系统初始化过程中，将数据块状态表项区中记录的映射信息，按逻辑块号与表项间的对应关系读取到各表项中；读取某逻辑块时，以其逻辑块号作为表项索引查找反向映射表，定位到表项，根据表项中记录的映射信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块；写入某逻辑块时，将更新数据写入一新数据块的空白数据区中和将该逻辑块与新数据块间的映射信息写入状态表项区中，同时更新反向映射表相应表项的映射信息。

In rolling mill in development course of more than 30 years, built tropics of φ 750mm blooming mill, 500mm early or late rolling mill, medium or small intertropical rolling mill of rolling mill of profiled bar of great ability rolling mill, medium-sized H, 1500mm. Lai steel orgnaization was adjusted in March 2006 established plank to produce professional plant -- board tape plant.

在轧钢厂三十余年的发展历程中，先后建设了φ750mm初轧机、500mm热带轧机、中小型棒材轧机、中型H型钢轧机、1500mm热带轧机。2006年3月莱钢机构调整组建了板材生产专业厂——板带厂。

Due to the characteristic of high tension during cold rolling and the transverse flow in cold rolling different from hot rolling, the Shohet criterion, which is universally used in hot rolling, is not applicable to cold rolling.

由于冷轧过程的大张力轧制特点以及金属横向流动性与热轧有很大区别，因此在热轧中广泛应用的Shohet判别式不能很好应用于冷轧。

Feed the gross pipe from front plant, cog down the upper roller to given size to rotating bring the pipe into rolling zone for reducing diameter and wall form rolling; after rolling from head to tail, turn 90Deg with the gross pipe, top bar and core head by tilter for next rolling travel that inverse roll to head to bring the pipe back to front plant; then, turn again for next periodical to-an-fro rolling till design size request.

将毛管自轧机前台喂入，将上轧辊压下至设定的尺寸，毛管在轧辊的旋转带动下曳入轧制区域，进行减径和减壁变形轧制；毛管从头部轧制到尾部后，将毛管、顶杆及芯头在翻转装置的作用下翻转90°，进行下一个轧制行程，反向轧制到头部，毛管回到轧机前台；再将毛管、顶杆及芯头在翻转装置的作用下翻转90°，进行下一个轧制周期往复轧制，轧制到毛管成达到设计尺寸要求。

According to the researching actualities in ring rolling, this paper researched deeply the basic law of rolling deformation by simulation using ABAQUS software on the base of ring rolling theory and elastic-plastic kinematics explicit FEM. And the residual stress in cold ring rolling was computed by numerical simulation.The mass scaling measures in finite element simulation of ring rolling were researched.

本文针对环件轧制的研究现状，基于环件轧制理论和弹塑性动力显式有限元法，以ABAQUS有限元分析软件为平台，以数值模拟的方式对环件轧制变形的一些基本规律进行更深入的研究，并对环件冷轧时的残余应力进行数值模拟计算。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48