查询词典 rock-bottom

In this thesis, the methods of surrounding rock masses stability classification on the basis of the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM are approached, especially as follows:①The geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM in the Yellow River Diversion Project.of shanxi province is summarized systematically;②Based on the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM, that whether the common methods of surrounding rock masses stability (the methods of regular factor classification) classification are feasible, is carried on the discussion;③According to the corresponding relation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM and the surrounding rock masses stability type, the extension assessment method of tunnel surrounding rock masses stability classification is set up, also the corresponding fortran calculation procedure worked out, and not only rational result in conformity with the reality can be obtained, but also the stability situation of surrounding rock masses in front of the working range can be predicted according to the change of the dependent value in the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project;④Combining with the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project, extension assessment method in the application of surrounding rock masses stability classification is compared and verificated in detail by applying fuzzy synthesis method by forefathers, and a certain degree discussion and summary about the application achievement of surrounding rock masses stability classification, which is assessed by extension assessment method and fuzzy synthesis method, are carried on.

本文基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录提供的地质信息进行了围岩稳定分类方法的探讨，重点进行：①对引黄工程中渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录的系统整理；②基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录获得的地质信息，对常用围岩稳定分类方法是否能够进行围岩稳定分类进行了探讨；③根据渣料和TBM掘进参数与围岩稳定类型的对应关系，应用可拓理论，建立了隧洞围岩稳定分类的可拓评价方法，还编制了相应的fortran计算程序，并在引黄工程的应用实例中不仅取得了与客观实际相符的合理结果，而且根据其关联度值的变化能够预测临近掌子面前方围岩的稳定情况；④结合引黄工程的应用实例运用模糊综合评判方法对可拓评判方法在围岩稳定分类中的应用进行了详细的验证、比较，并对前人在运用可拓学和模糊数学进行岩体稳定评判的应用成果方面，进行了一定的探讨、总结。

The study provided 2 kinds of finish systems which were pouring and anchoring rock-wool panel respectively. In general, galvanizing steel-meshwork using machine anchor can use all kinds of Rock-wool panel made in China. The interface mortar used in Rock-wool can prevent worker's hand from hurting and improve the water-proof capability and bonding intensity of rock-wool panel. The low-heat conductivity of polystyrene foaming granule paste improved the integer and anti-crack of system. The 2 kinds of rock-wool system all can resolve the current rock-wool panel applied difficulty in outer-wall external thermal insulation. The rock-wool external thermal insulation which has very nice fire-proof capability can apply any kinds of builds, especially high-rise buildings.

研究提出了现浇和锚固岩棉板2种涂料饰面构造做法，其中采用机械锚固热镀锌钢网施工可充分利用国产各类型岩棉板；岩棉板的界面砂浆处理可起到防止岩棉纤维扎手、增强岩棉板的防水性能和提高岩棉板与找平层的粘结强度的作用；聚苯颗粒的低导热系数过渡层提高了系统的整体性和抗裂性。2种构造做法经试验和工程试点证明均可解决目前国内岩棉难以应用在外墙外保温系统中的技术问题，具有优异防火性能的岩棉外保温系统可应用于任何类型的建筑中，在高层建筑和防火要求高的建筑中其优势更为明显。

In engineering application, we think that the rock laboratory experiments may simulate and reshow rock bursts considering the conditions of coupled static-dynamic loads and rock burst and their comparison. Energy demand of rock burst occurring is revealed through analyzing energy transition of rock failure process under coupled static-dynamic loads. At the same time, the rule of energy utilization under coupled static-dynamic loads is discovered; the measures for rock cracking by utilizing high stress condition in deep rock mass and energy utilization improving are found.

在工程应用方面，将动静组合载荷下岩石受力条件和岩石发生岩爆的条件及两者发生的现象进行了对比，认为室内动静组合加载试验可以模拟再现现场发生的岩爆，并通过分析动静组合载荷下岩石破坏过程中能量的转化来揭示岩石发生岩爆的能量要求，而且发现了动静组合加载能量利用的规律，找到提高能量利用率的措施和利用深部岩体受力状况来致裂岩石的手段。

Also because of the road turned to the bottom of the top players on the team at the top of the ramp, the rock loose the season still has the possibility of the Rolling Stones hit the players, Yakou the 50-100 m section of the rock surface is a monolithic block staggered zone, rock face an average of 6-7 meters high, 70-80 degrees slope is very smooth too laborious climb directly to undesirableGreat can not see well because of the snow line, and only a walk around the rock surface, in the cross section of rock surface from time to time is close to the ridge walk, the most recent is only one meter away from the cliff, and at the foot of ice or hard snow if the time is easy to slide down the ridge, more dangerous.

另外因为路线转向上方队员就在下方队员斜上方，岩石松动的季节还是有滚石击中队员的可能，垭口上50-100米路段，是整块整块的岩面交错的地带，岩面平均高6-7米，坡度70-80度，很光滑直接攀上太费力不可取，由于雪大看不出好的路线，只有绕着岩面走，在跨越岩面时有部分路段是贴着山脊走，最近的离悬崖仅一米，而且脚下如果结冰或者是硬雪时很容易滑下山脊，比较危险。

With the geometry model of the roller cone rock bit and kinematics model, by setting up rock failure model of bottom rock and interaction model between teeth and rock, the interaction dynamic modeling of Bits and rock is established in the process of petroleum drilling.

本文对在钻井过程中由于牙轮钻头与岩石互作用及钻柱的弹性变形导致牙轮钻头和钻柱在钻井过程的振动问题进行了深入地分析研究。

According to the change regularity of deformation modulus, combining with the rock mass structure characteristic of region studied, using interpolation method, the deformation modulus of rock mass in 36# adit can be deduced. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 0-70 zone is 39Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 51. 3GPa in nature stress state and 50.8GPa in engineering load state. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 70-140 zone is 32. 2Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 41GPa in nature stress state and 42. 6GPa in engineering load state. It will be a good reference of engineering design and evaluation.

9根据节理岩体变形模量变化规律，结合研究区岩体的结构特点，采用插值的方法对36号平硐岩体进行变形模量的推测，得到0-70段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为39GPa，水平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为51.3GPa，工程荷载作用下为50.8GPa；70-140段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为32.2GPa，平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为41GPa，工程荷载作用下为42.6GPa，这为工程设计、评程设计、评价等提供了必要的参考。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

The comparative investigation of the characteristics of deformation and AE were conducted and the results are presented as followed: 1. The characteristics of rock AE are correlated to the strength, joints, cracks, and the size and hardness of crystalline grain. 2. The sequence of AE can be divided into four phases: beginning phase, tempestuousness phase, drop phase and dreariness phase. The loss and the duration of the phases are correlated to the rock character and flaws in the rock. 3. The AE rate characteristics are not almost concordant with the AE energy rate. 4. Besides the homogeneity, the strength of rock contributes the activity of AE. The higher the strength is, the lower the activity is. 5. There is a dreariness phase before the failure of most kinds of rock. 6. Whether the precursor is obvious is correlated to rock the character, and the precursor of AE rate is more apparent than the precursor of AE energy rate comparatively.

通过对比研究这六种不同岩石的变形和声发射特征发现，岩石声发射受到岩石强度、节理裂隙和晶粒软硬大小等的影响；岩石声发射过程存在初始区、剧烈区、下降区和沉寂区，各个阶段是否存在及持续时间与岩石强度、内部缺陷等有关；岩石的声发射事件率特征与能量率特征并不完全一致；岩石的声发射活性除了受其均匀性影响外，还受到岩石的强度影响，强度越小，声发射活性越强；大多数岩石破坏前存在一声发射沉寂区；岩石的破坏前兆是否明显跟岩性有关，相比较而言，岩石破坏时的声发射率前兆比声发射能量率前兆更为明显一些。

The study provided 2 kinds of finish systems which were pouring and anchoring rock-wool panel respectively. In general, galvanizing steel-meshwork using machine anchor can use all kinds of Rock-wool panel made in China. The interface mortar used in Rock-wool can prevent worker's hand from hurting and improve the water-proof capability and bonding intensity of rock-wool panel. The low-heat conductivity of polystyrene foaming granule paste improved the integer and anti-crack of system. The 2 kinds of rock-wool system all can resolve the current rock-wool panel applied difficulty in outer-wall external thermal insulation.

研究提出了现浇和锚固岩棉板2种涂料饰面构造做法，其中采用机械锚固热镀锌钢网施工可充分利用国产各类型岩棉板；岩棉板的界面砂浆处理可起到防止岩棉纤维扎手、增强岩棉板的防水性能和提高岩棉板与找平层的粘结强度的作用；聚苯颗粒的低导热系数过渡层提高了系统的整体性和抗裂性。2种构造做法经试验和工程试点证明均可解决目前国内岩棉难以应用在外墙外保温系统中的技术问题，具有优异防火性能的岩棉外保温系统可应用于任何类型的建筑中，在高层建筑和防火要求高的建筑中其优势更为明显。

The results show that space finite analysis results are close to test ones, bottom chords suffer axial force and large in-plane bending, and the max stress is nearby each middle internode. The max stress of node crossbeams occurs in No.2 bottom flange, and that of internode crossbeams happens in ones lying in the middle of every internode. The concrete slab is in tension at the longitudinal direction, and also suffers bent at vertical loads. The degree of completely-composite model taking part in the combined actions is about 55%, while that of semi-composite model is 42%-43%. The combination of concrete slab and bottom chord increases the degree of floor system taking part in the combined actions, lightens the burden of bottom chord, and reduces out-of-plane bending of node crossbeams especially the ones near bridgehead. Stress and displacement of main truss can be evaluated by a equivalent plane rigid frame in preliminary design, and effective stiffness of bottom chords are composed of original ones and concrete slab, and the concentrated load from deck can be translated into uniform load.

研究结果表明：空间有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合；下弦杆受到轴向拉力和较大的面内弯矩作用，各节间最大应力出现在节间中点附近；节点横梁最大应力发生在横梁2的下翼缘，节间横梁最大应力发生在位于端节间中部的小横梁上；混凝土板顺桥向整体受拉，并在竖向集中荷载作用下产生弯曲变形；全结合模型大部分节间内的桥面板参与主桁共同作用的程度为55%左右，半结合模型桥面板的参与程度为42%~43%；桥面板与下弦杆结合能够增加桥面板的参与程度，减轻下弦杆荷载，减少节点横梁尤其是靠近桥头横梁的面外弯曲；对桥梁进行初步设计时，主桁杆件的位移与内力可按照1个等效的平面刚架计算，下弦杆的等效刚度由原下弦杆截面和混凝土桥面板截面组合而成，桥面荷载可转化为均布荷载施加。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。