查询词典 river ice

According to these two aspects, in the present paper, the data of ice temperature and ice thickness measured in Fenhe River, Taiyuan are firstly analyzed to get the characteristics of ice temperature field.

依次从这两个方面着手，首先对太原汾河二库冰温和冰厚的观测资料进行了分析，得到了有关冰层温度场的特性。

This article introduced the general situation of the domestic and international ice jam research and the necessity of the water level research firstly. In succession, discussed the formation condition and the formation process of the ice cover in detail, the ice jam formation mechanism and the general regulation of development in the space, the water level variety process that caused by ice jam, factors that influence the ice jam water level: the river power factor, the thermodynamic energy factor, the water current dynamical factor and artificial factor etc..

文章首先介绍了国内外冰情研究的概况以及进行冰塞水位研究的必要性，接着，详细论述了冰盖的形成条件及形成过程，冰塞的形成机理及冰塞在空间发展的一般规律，由冰塞所引起的水位变化过程，影响冰塞水位的河势因素、热力因素、水流动力因素及人为因素等。

Basing on the ice jam flood of Heilongjiang River and disaster in history records,the ice jam flood situ- ation,hydrological and river way characteristic are proposed in this paper,the cause of ice jam flood and develop- ment of forecasting are analyzed,the ice jam flood disaster and protect methods are introduced.

根据历年冰坝凌汛及灾害调查资料和观测成果，综述了黑龙江上游历年冰坝凌汛发生情况，冰坝河段水文气象特征和河道特性，分析了冰坝成因研究和预报方法的进展，并阐述了冰坝凌汛灾害和防治措施。

Ice dam, ice cover and ice jam, which are formed by stack, jammed and collective ice, can increase river resistance and water stage, resulting in flood, construction damage and navigation problems.

冰块堆积，堵塞和聚集形成的冰坝、冰盖和冰塞会导致河道阻力增加，致使上游水位上涨，并可能造成冰期洪水，建筑物破坏，航运不畅等危害。

Walking on the river in the afternoon, I found again the happiness when skating as a child, with ice and snow in the eyes everywhere, beside the river being the snow-clad lake all over, only ice and snow melting gradually.

午后行走在河面上，又找到小时候滑冰那种快乐，满目的冰雪，河旁的湖面上亦是积雪遍布，只是冰雪在渐渐消融。

The flood of Yellow River is always the serious trouble of Chinese, and ice flood disaster have the maximum influencing factors and the most complicated flooded theory, it was concluded with ancient adage "the ice flood burst and official innocence" and " estival flood easily prevented and ice flood hardly defended".

黄河的洪水问题一直是中华民族的心腹大患，而黄河冰凌灾害又是影响因素最多、成灾机理最复杂的一种灾害，从&凌汛决口，河官无罪&及&伏汛好抢，凌汛难防&的古谚语即可见一斑。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

So, it is very significative that researching flooded theory of ice flood of Yellow River and studying quickly monitoring model of disaster condition of ice flood and excogitating a set of dynamic RS monitoring pattern of ice flood disaster for national economy and social continuable develop.

因此，研究黄河冰凌灾害成灾机理，探讨冰情信息的快速检测提取模型，制定、完善并形成一套成功且可操作性强的冰凌灾害遥感动态监测模式对防灾减灾及国民经济和社会可持续发展都具有十分巨大的意义。

The Yangtse River learns unity and coherence in writing academy more than 40 names students enthusiastically in the afternoon on October 24, autumn loafs about on precious Ta He county of neighbouring the Yangtse River Guanyin rock projecting over the water Sha Shi Duan sandy beach cooking a meal in the open. Shi more than 10 college student present is carried out immediately saved , one important more than ten students saw that the power is composed of the person ladder offal at that time rescuing people , still had a sum daughter schoolmate who can not swim for among them , thought that second children save quickly when going on shore in 14:15 or so , the incautious drop-in of 2 vicinity children river,the ladder has fallen apart , nine college students have fallen into water since the lack of physical strength prepares the subterranean flow , person, rescue hubbub slice immediately , happen to make contact with winter swimming sixty several old people the coming year rescue up six college students group, Two fall into water teenager has been rescued, but three heroes indistinct but ice-cold river water of submergence is already middle.

10月24日下午，长江大学文理学院40多名学生，在长江观音矶附近的沙市宝塔河段沙滩上秋游野炊。14时15分左右，附近2名儿童不慎落入江中，在场的10余名大学生立即开展施救，当时十几名大一学生见势组成人梯下水救人，其中还有不会游泳的和女同学，当第二个小孩快救上岸时，由于体力不支和暗流，人梯散了，九名大学生落水，顿时救喊声一片，正好碰上冬泳队几名六十来岁的老人救起六名大学生，两位落水少年获救了，而三位英雄已经沉入苍茫而冰冷的江水中。

The ion concentrations were studied in both four snow pits on Hami Miaoergou FlatTopped Glacier and one snow pit on Haxilegen Glacier No.51 of Kuitun river in eastern Tianshan Mountain, and both snow pits were retrieved in 2004. The results show that the Ca2+, NO-3 and SO2-4, particularly Ca2+, are major ions in the snow of snow pits in both ablation and accumulation area and also in the ice of snow pits in accumulation area on Hami Miaoergou FlatTopped Glacier, where the relationships among major cation concentrations in snow of snow pits can be revealed by ion concentrations in the ice of snow pits, but the correlation between ion concentrations in the snow of snow pits and elevation is not obvious, which probably can be attributed to the narrow span of elevation and sparse snow pits on glacier. However, the good correlation between ion concentrations in the ice of snow pits and elevation indicates that the elution process weakened gradually with the elevation rise and temperature decrease.

对2004年获取的天山奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川1个雪坑和哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川4个雪坑的离子浓度特征进行了研究，结果表明：Ca2+、NO-3和SO42-是哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川雪坑雪层和积累区雪坑底部冰中的主要离子（尤其是Ca2+），其雪层中的主要阳离子关系可在底部冰中得以较好的反映，但雪层中各离子浓度与海拔的相关性不明显，可能与海拔的跨度较小和挖取的雪坑较疏有关；雪坑底部冰中的离子浓度与海拔间明显的相关性说明淋融作用随着海拔升高、气温降低而逐渐减弱。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。