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Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ［J］.1987, 84 (5):9054.［3］ Ainouche M L, Bayer R. On the origins of the tetraploid Bromus species: insights from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA［J］.

而山西平遥产山药D= 0.004 76与山西太谷产山药D= 0.004 27基本没有差异，它们和河北安国产山药D= 0.004 36共同与怀山药有较大的同源性，通过ITS序列分析，这几种不同产地的山药之间碱基仅相差几个，提示它们具有同源性；野生山药与种植山药碱基数目相差较大，说明种植山药在驯化过程中产生了变移，使物种更进化。

The phylogenetic relationships of Calycanthaceae were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on three DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial matR gene.

本文选取来自于三个基因组—核基因组、线粒体基因组和叶绿体基因组的3个DNA序列片段，对蜡梅科的系统发育进行重建，主要探讨了蜡梅科的系统位置和属间系统演化关系。

DNA sequence data of the rbcL gene, the matk gene, and the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA involving 14 species representing the Cercidiphyllaceae. Eupteleaceae. Platanaceae, Tetracentraceae. and all the subfamilies of the Hamamelidaceae have been investigated in the present study.

本研究测定了包括连香树科、领春木科、悬铃木科、水青树科和金缕梅科内所有亚科代表共计14个种的rbcL基因，matK基因和18S-26S核核糖体内转录间隔区的序列，并结合原有资料对所有低等金缕梅类及其相近类群进行了分支分析。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and double FISH experiments were carried out to ascertain the chromosomal distribution patterns of the 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs in the three species of Cucurbitaceae.

首次利用荧光原位杂交和双色荧光原位杂交技术对45S和5S rDNA在南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜的有丝分裂中期染色体上进行了物理定位分析。

Comparabilityof some segments reached about 86% to 90% including Arabidopsis thaliana CIPK7、Arabidopsis thaliana At3g23000 gene、Arabidopsis thaliana SNF1 related protein kinase(At3g23000; MXC7.3) mRNA、Cucumis sativus RBL1 mRNA, complete cds、Ranunculusmacranthus ribosomal protein L14 (rp114) gene, partial cds、Daucus carota chromasomecomplete genome and so on. There are also some other segments had a low identity andconsidered as unknown genes.

对部分差异条带进行了克隆测序，登陆GENEBANK对差异cDNA片断的序列进行核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性对比，其中一些片断与拟南芥CIPK7、拟南芥At3g23000基因、拟南芥SNF1相关蛋白激酶mRNA、栽培黄瓜RBL1mRNA全序列、毛茛核糖体蛋白L14基因、胡萝卜染色体基因组等均有86％-90％左右的同源性，还有部分片断的同源性很低，可能为未知基因序列。

The phylogenetic relationships of Fagales were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on six DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial gene matR.

本文采用来自三个基因组--叶绿体、线粒体和核基因组的六个DNA序列片段，对壳斗目的系统发育进行了重建，主要探讨了壳斗目八个科的科间系统演化关系及不同基因系统树间存在冲突的原因。

With the aid of PDQuest 2-DE software, 11 significant protein dots were found out and then 9 of them are pick out to go through peptide mass fingerprinting based on MALDI TOF MS and NCBI database searching . In all, 5 proteins were identified: Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase , Nucleic acid-binding protein , Ribosomal protection tetracycline resistance protein , hypothetical protein FG04726.1 [Gibberella zeae PH-1], nitric oxide synthase .

应用PMF技术对这11个具有显著表达差异蛋白点中的9个进行鉴定，得到了5个质谱阳性鉴定结果，其中2个蛋白分别为玉米种属的1，5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶和叶绿体的核酸结合蛋白；其它的3个蛋白在玉米蛋白质数据库中未见报道，但与其它物种基因编码的蛋白质具有高度的序列同源性。

Internal transcribed sequences of ribosomal DNA of 36 species wereanalyzed to reconstruct the phologeny of Heracleum and its related genera using themaximum parsimony, neighboring-joint and maximum likelihood methods inPAUP4.0b10, respectively.

选取独活属7种植物测取核rDNA中的ITS基因序列，结合GenBank已有的本属5种和邻近属24种植物的ITS序列，用PAUP4.0b10软件中的最大简约法、邻接法和最大似然法分别进行分析，从而对独活属及其近属进行了系统发育重建。

There are 11 gene bindings disappear in the normal group, but appear in the model group, and then disappear in the treat group, that indicates the 11 gene bindings are correlated with the epilepsy and Caohuozhimutang. After searching in the Gene Bank, 7 bindings in the 11 gene bindings are homogenic with the 8q31 ribosomal protein gene, 15p12 paraneoplastic neuronal antigen gene, 4q22 diacylglycerol kinase iota gene, xq37 FMR2 protein and 11p11 roudabout homolog 1, and 4 bindings of which are novel gene.

经NCBI美国国家基因库检索，这11条基因中的7条已知基因分别与位于鼠染色体8q31位置的核糖体蛋白、15p12位置的周围肿瘤神经元的抗原(paraneoplastic neuronal antigen)、4p22位置的甘油二酯酶、xq37位置的FMR2蛋白（FMR2 protein）的基因以及以及位于果蝇染色体11p11位置的交叉同族体（roundabout homolog 1）有极高的同源性；有4条基因片段同源性较低，为功能未知的新基因，已经在GeneBank进行了注册，注册号分别CK325391、CK325392、CK325393、CK325394。

Tibet is a center of distribution and differentiation of genus Hordeum in China, and has a great deal of species resource. The sequences of the nontranscribed intergenic spacer region of 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA was studied in 18 varieties of the wild close relative of barley from different geographical region from Tibet of China and Turkmenistan.

选取来自西藏不同地理区域的17份近缘野生大麦材料和1份国外的近缘野生大麦材料，利用直接PCR、T-载体转化克隆、克隆产物测序的方法获得了它们的5S核糖体DNA NTS（Nontranscribed intergenic spacer）序列。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。