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A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

They include the variation of the degradement velocity of different sample, the inhibition product of PCR, the amount of DNA extraction, quality of DNA and the heteroplasmy of some tissue. Correct sequencing, comparison of the result of forward and reverse primers sequencing should be done to rule out wrong signals, and prevent contamination. In addition to gene sequencing, low grade heteroplasmy could be dealt by Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification. The analysis of mitochondrial HV Ⅰ, HV Ⅱ sequencing is able to identify the maternal sanguinity, then it could assist in the human identification. It also complements the genomic STR system in distribution of population, the origin of human, and analysis for fossil.

分析粒线体DNA时必须考虑各类检体腐败DNA降解速度之不同、PCR的抑制物质、DNA的萃取量及品质、特定组织的异质现象、萤光序列分析图及正、反向引子定序结果比对、排除杂讯干扰、防治污染等，除以基因定序外，低程度的异质现象也可用Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography、Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification等方法分析，粒线体HV Ⅰ、HV Ⅱ碱基序列的分析可鉴别一个人的母系血缘关系、辅助人类身分鉴定，对於族群分布、人类起源探讨、远古检体的分析可作为辅助STR系统的利器。

It was full of sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs; but now in vain does the busy art of man pretend to vie with nature, by tying that withered bundle of twigs to its sapless trunk; it is now at best but the reverse of what it was, a tree turned upside-down, the branches on the earth, and the root in the air; it is now handled by every dirty wench, condemned to do her drudgery, and, by a capricious kind of fate, destined to make other things clean, and be nasty itself; at length, worn to the stumps in the service of the maids, it is either thrown out of doors or condemned to the last use - of kindling a fire.

如今变了样，却还有人自作聪明，想靠手艺同大自然竞争，拿来一束枯枝捆在它那已无树液的身上，结果是枉费心机，不过颠倒了它原来的位置，使它枝干朝地，根梢向天，成为一株头冲下的树，归在任何干苦活的婆子的手里使用，从此受命运摆布，把别人打扫干净，自己却落得个又脏又臭，而在女仆们手里折腾多次之后，最后只剩下一支根株了，于是被扔出门外，或者作为引火的柴禾烧掉了。

It was full sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs, but now in vain does the busy art of man pretend to vie with nature, by tying that withered bundle of twigs to its sapless trunk, it is now at best but the reverse of what it was ,a tree turned upside down, the branches on the earth,and the root in the air, it is now handled by every dirty wench, condemned to do her drudgery, and, by a capricious kind of fate, destined to make other things clean, and be nasty itself, at length, worn to the stumps in the service of the maids, it is either thrown out of doors or condemned to the last use —kindling afire.

如今变了样，却还有人自作聪明，想靠手艺同大自然竞争，拿来一束枯枝捆在它那已无树液的身上，结果枉费心机，不过颠倒了它原来的位置，使它枝干朝地，根梢向天，成为一株头冲下的树，归在任何干苦活的脏婆子的手里使用，从此受命运摆布。把别人打扫干净，自己却落得个又脏又臭，而在女仆们手里折腾多次之后，最后只剩下根株了，于是被扔出门外，或者作为引火的柴火烧掉了

It was full of sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs6; but now in vain does the busy art of man7 pretend to vie8 with nature, by tying that withered bundle of twigs9 to its sapless trunk; it is now at best but the reverse of what it was, a tree turned upside-down, the branches on the earth, and the root in the air; it is now handled by every dirty wench10, condemned to do her drudgery11, and, by a capricious12 kind of fate, destined to make other things clean, and be nasty itself ; at length13, worn to the stumps in the service of the maids, it is either thrown out of doors or condemned to the last use—of kindling14 a fire.

它曾生气勃勃，枝繁叶茂，但如今爱管闲事的人却动手把枯枝捆扎于它那枯桩上，装模作样地同自然徒然抗争。如今它充其量只是以前模样的倒转——一棵本末倒置的树，枝条伏地，根部朝天，听由脏兮兮的女佣随手使唤，并且被无常的命运捉弄，注定要去清扫他物，把自己搞得污秽不堪。最后，被女佣用成一根光杆儿，要么被扔出门外，要么最后充当引火的木柴。

No. 2 white means both faces and edges of the clear cuttings must be sapwood,and not less than 50% sapwood on the reverse face.

2等白色是指净划材两面和两边必须全部为边材颜色而且另一面上辩才颜色比例不得少于50%。

His arm is up at footstrike, and he keeps the elbow below the PAS shoulder. He avoids excessive reverse rotation, and naturally "scap loads," rather than forcing the issue.

他的手臂在左脚踏出时正在高点，同时保持手肘低於投球侧肩膀，避开了过度逆向旋转的问题，还能够自然地储备肩膀能量，而不是过度用力。

Environmental impact assessment is a powerful tool to solve this problem, but is scarcely applied to reverse logistics.

而环境影响评价是解决这个问题的有力工具，只是目前在逆向物流上的应用还很少。

In order to deal with the trend of increasing large scattered data points set in reverse engineering, a space partition strategy with its corresponding data structure and encoding method was proposed to improve the triangulating and search efficiency.

根据逆向工程中散乱数据点规模越来越大的趋势，为缩小剖分时搜寻和遍历数据点的空间范围，提高算法效率，提出了一种大规模散乱数据的空间划分方法及相应的数据结构和编码方案。

To application of subdivision in reverse engineering , Schweitzer developed a subdivision algorithm for fitting non uniform data .

给出了一种针对非均匀数据的细分拟合算法。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。