查询词典 retardation method

Orthogonally linearly-polarized lasers and its new applications in precision measurement are presented, including: 1 orthogonally linearly-polarized lasers, 2 principle for laser nanometer ruler (displacement sensor based on the competition between two polarized lights of the frequency splitting lasers), 3 principle for phase retardation measurement using frequency splitting technology, 4 principle for phase retardation measurement based on laser feedback effects.

介绍了正交线偏振激光器及其在精密测量中的新应用，包括：1 正交偏振双频激光器，2 纳米激光测尺(基于频率分裂的激光器两偏振光竞争位移传感器)测量原理，3 直接利用波片形成频率分裂的波片位相延迟测量原理，4 激光回馈波片位相延迟测量原理。

This train classifies "information carrier adhering to the build" as design elements, and probes into integrated design method of it and single building separately: method of definite position, method of definite form and method of combination; Then, this train probes into integrated design method of it and colonys building , that bases on the cognitive design method: method of rhythm controls,method of node outstanding, and that aims at the design method to protect: method of protect original, method of repairing and method of renewal.

本文的第四部分提出了一体化设计的思路，将建筑附着信息载体作为设计元素，探讨了它与建筑单体一体化设计的方法：定位法、定形法、混合法；以及它与建筑群体一体化设计时，基于认知的设计方法：节奏控制法、节点突出法，旨在保护的设计方法：存真法、修缮法、更新法。

Firstly, this paper investigated roundly the basic theory of the ambient vibration method, analyzed systematically the main methods of ambient vibration identification, and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. Then we established the finite element model of structural dynamics and test model and analyzed their mutual relation, improved MUSIC method and correlation function method in the harmonic identification, and gave the subspace method and correlation function method based on continuous model, which is multi-harmonic retrieve technique. And then, this paper also puts forward least-squares method to estimate directly structural physical and modal parameters; this approach replaced the derivative operator in the continuous time model with an equivalent approximation, and estimated the physical parameters of structures by the least-squares method. And then, we discussed the approximation methods of derivative and their convergence. Finally, this paper researched the modal parameters of a frame structure by the simulation and test. The results demonstrated that subspace method, correlation function method and the least-squares method are effective and stable respectively.

全面地研究环境振动识别方法的基本理论，系统地分析环境振动识别方法的主要方法，讨论它们的优点和不足；建立结(来源：6666AB44C论文网www.abclunwen.com)构动力学的有限元模型和试验模型，分析有限元模型与试验模型之间的相互关系；改进谐波识别中的MUSIC识别方法和相关函数识别方法，给出大型结构模态识别的连续型的子空间分解识别方法和相关函数识别方法，这个方法是多元谐波识别方法；提出直接识别结构的物理参数和模态参数的最小二乘方法，这个方法利用导数的近似值代替导数值，并运用最小二乘方法识别结构的物理参数，讨论导数近似值的选择方法，分析算法的收敛性；通过仿真计算和模型实验，研究高层框架结构的模态参数识别，验证子空间分解识别方法、相关函数识别方法和最小二乘识别方法的有效性，算法的稳定性；从理论和试验两个方面分析和研究噪声对识别精度的影响，影响识别精度的因素，以及部分模态成分的模态参数不能够被识别的原因。

The revised Hargraves formula has the best result compared with Penman-Monteith formula, the average relative error is 6%, moreover, Hargaves method requiring the least data in calculating ETo, so this method has the high actual application value; The following are Radiation method and Blaney-Criddle method ; The worst is the Pan method, even after revised, the highest and average relative error is 36% and 10%, respectively. So, in this study, Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method and Hargraves method are used except Pan method.

在这四种方法中，修正后的Hargraves方法与彭曼—蒙特斯方法的计算结果符合最好，其平均相对误差为6％，而Hargraves方法需要的气象数据只有计算时段的最高、最低温度，该方法具有较高的实际应用价值；辐射方法和布兰尼—克里德尔方法次之；蒸发皿方法最差，即使在修正后，E601型蒸发皿的最大误差也高达36％，平均为10％，所以在预报系统的研究设计中采用了除蒸发皿方法之外的四种方法。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

Till now, there are a lot of generators such as the classical Fibonacci method, mid-square method, linear congruential method, feedback shift register method and combined method; the recent nonlinear congruential method, decimal fraction method, add-with-carry and substract-with-borrow methods, generalized feedback shift register method and MT method, and so on.

至今关于随机数发生器有很多的理论和方法，其中除了传统的Fibonacci法、平方取中法、线性同余法、位移寄存器法和组合方法；最近还有非线性同余法、取小数法、进位加和错位减法、广义反馈位移寄存器法和MT法等等。

On one side, it criticizes the traditional way of value view education in our country including the critique to dualistic-opposition method, the rejection to formalism method and the sublating to indoctrination method. On the other side, it argues the application of value view education including both drawing lessons from traditional persuading methods, model demonstration method, edification method, self-cultivation method and applying to the dilemmatic story method, character-acting method, value-clarifying method.

最后，对价值观教育方法的运用进行了分析，一方面，对我国传统价值观教育方法进行了检讨，它包括对非此即彼二元对立方法的批判，形式主义方法的拒斥和灌输方法的扬弃；另一方面，论述了我国价值观教育方法的运用，它既包括对传统的说服教育法、榜样示范法、陶冶教育法和自我修养法的借鉴，又包括对两难故事法、角色扮演法和价值澄清法等新方法的运用。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。