查询词典 results

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The results indicated that the weight determined by analytic hierarchy process was in accord with the actual needs; fuzzy evaluation could easily make quantative comprehensive results; f-function values estimated on the basis of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy transformation were convenient for giving the quality order of different unblended cigarette samples.

结果表明：层次分析法确定各单项指标的权重符合实际的评吸要求，模糊综合评价容易给出定量的综合评价结果，在此基础上计算f函数值便于对不同的单料烟样品进行排序。

Fully and clearly analytic expression of multiwavelet transformation is given .The experiment of speckle reduction to US image is implemented by choosing local error as threshold. Results show that multiwavelet transformation is useful for speckle reduction and there have little noise and reserve important image features such as boundary when compared to results obtained from existing the denoising methods alone.

在二维图像阵列的应用方面，通过采用局部方差作为阈值，对超声斑纹图像进行阈值化去噪处理的实验结果表明，多小波变换在有效抑制斑纹噪声的同时，相对于其他方法还能更好地保留原图像的边界等重要特征信息。

The allergic liquid for test is provided by dermatophagoides farina laboratory of Shanghai medical university. The sieving detection about Phadiatop and fx5E is provided by the CAP anaphylactogen detection system. We compare the results between different groups divided by test results, respectively.

采用上海医科大学螨类研究室提供的变应原皮试液行皮肤点刺试验，用瑞典Pharmacia公司研制的CAP变应原检测系统进行Phadiatop和fx5E过筛检测，将两种检测结果分组进行比较。

To validate the accuracy of the simulation results of numerical steady flow test bench, experiments in a steady flow test bench with the Ricardo anemoscope were taken. The compared results between computations and experiments suggest that the former is reliable.

为验证数值稳流气道试验台模拟计算的准确，在采用Ricardo风速仪的气道稳流试验台上进行了试验，两种方法下的流通系数和涡流比比较说明：模拟结果是可靠的。

The results were analyzed with the statistical software package spss10.0.results ①between two groups,there was no significant difference about the affection of age,sex and the destribution and location of aneurism on prognosis outcome(p＜0.05).however,the grading of hunt hess and fisher in group a(gos＞3) showed significantly lower than in group b(gos≤3),（p＜0.001）;② there was no significant difference in the frequency of heart rate, st elevation, st depression,t wave inversion,u wave inversion and ventricular arrhythmia(p＞0.05).the frequency of abnormal q wave, supraventricular arrhythmia and the ecg scores in group a showed significantly lower than in group b （p＜0.05,p＜0.001）;③the ecg scores was the most powerful multivariate risk stratified(ecg ≥5 vs ecg＜5; p=0.002,or=0.010,95%ci 0.001~0.173).conclusion the ecg score, a new and simple method of semi quantification, was a powerful risk predictor for patients with sah.

应用spss10.0 统计包分析结果。结果①在年龄、性别、动脉瘤生长部位影响动脉瘤性sah预后方面，两组病例无明显差异（p＞0.05）。而按sah后hunt hess分级和fisher分级，gos＞3病例的分级要明显低于gos≤3的病例的分级（p＜0.01）；②两组在心率、st段抬高、st段压低、t波倒置、u波倒置、室性心律失常出现的频率无明显差异（p＞0.05）；在异常q波和室上性心律失常出现频率及心电图评分方面，gos＞3的组别明显低于对照组（p＜0.05，p＜0.001）；③心电图评分是sah患者预后最显著影响的变量（p=0.002，or=0.010，95%的可信区间0.001~0.173）。结论心电图评分作为一种新型、简便的半定量方法，能有效的预测蛛网膜下腔出血病人的预后。关键词：心电图；预后；评分；蛛网膜下腔出血

The method which is used to measure and compute moment, yield and turning angle by steel bar gauge is introduced in detail. According to the measuring results, the horizontal critical load of the testing pile is 120 kN. The steel bar gauge measuring results show that the largest moment is located in the depth from 2 m to 3 m under the horizontal load, it transfers to the deeper location with the increase of the horizontal load, and the bend distortion only occurs in the upper of 1/3 pile length.

结合实际工程详细地介绍了利用钢筋计测试水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩、挠度和转角分布的方法，根据桩顶位移和钢筋内力测试结果判定试验桩的水平临界荷载为120 kN；根据钢筋计测试结果可知，在水平荷载作用下，桩身最大弯矩截面位于在地面以下2～3 m处，且随着荷载的增大最大弯矩截面逐渐向深部转移；发生弯曲变形的部分主要是桩长1/3以上的桩体，而其下的桩体几乎不发生变形。

The design method is described, and the calculation results are presented under the standard air conditioning condition. The working process of the two-stage expander is discussed, and the difference between the two-stage expander and the conventional one is stated. In addition, the influence of the dip angle on the expansion chamber volume is analyzed. The results show that the dip angle has little effect on the expansion chamber volume and it is suggested that the effect may be neglected in the expander design.

介绍了该膨胀机的设计方法，给出了标准空调工况下的计算结果，详细讨论了两级旋叶式膨胀机的工作过程，并对两级膨胀机与传统旋叶式膨胀机的区别进行了论述，最后分析了滑片倾角对工作腔基元容积的影响，结果显示，滑片倾角对工作腔基元容积的影响很小，在膨胀机的设计过程中忽略滑片倾角的影响是合理可行的。

The integral area for calculating the beam width by using the definition of generalized second-order moments is selected to ensure the energy in the angular domain more than 75% of the total beam energy and the measurement method and steps still follow the relevant ISO standards. The generalized M2 factor of truncated Gaussian beam has been measured. The experimental results for different truncated parameters have been compared with the theoretical results, showing the validness of the method proposed.

在利用广义强度二阶矩计算光束束宽时，以积分角谱范围能够包含光束总能量的75%以上作为积分范围的选取标准，并遵循现有的国际标准化组织规定的测量步骤和方法对截断高斯光束的广义M2因子进行了测量，并将不同截断参量时的实验结果与理论计算结果进行了比较，证明了该方法的正确性。

Experimental results agree with the anticipant results well.

应用此法后，实际计算结果与预期结果吻合的很好。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。